Describe a major result of the Civil War on the U.S and assess whether Essay

Portray a significant consequence of the Civil War on the U.S and survey whether the outcome was positive or negative for the nation - Essay Example Their cash was nothing but bad and their homes, structures and foundation obliterated. It is evaluated that one out of four guys of military age in the South either passed on or endured a devastating harming during the war (â€Å"The Civil War†, n.d.). There is no valid contention seeing these two results with respect to whether they were positive or negative for the country. In spite of the fact that rejoining the nation is still today a praised occasion in U.S. history, it eventually caused a negative result. The fundamental explanation that the Confederacy prevailing from the Union was the issue of States’ rights which are ensured by the Constitution yet were totally lost after the Civil War. In many cases, singular states have the essential lawful position to invalidate any activities taken by the central government as portrayed in the U.S. Constitution. This incorporates numerous legitimate rights up to and including the option to succeed. The Founding Fathers drafted this idea into the Constitution since they knew very well that a decentralized national government is more averse to become overbearing in light of the fact that the individuals are better ready to consider it responsible. The Founders’ goal was not really to give the states extra powers however to confine the authority of the national government and to mitigate the dread that it would practice powers it was not given. This idea was comprehended by the Founders, the Confederacy and huge numbers of both preservationist and liberal belief system since the soonest beginnings of the country (Epstein, 2003). Inside Article I, Section Eight of the Constitution is a deliberately confined arrangement of obligations assigned to the central government. It prints the cash, controls trade and accommodates the regular barrier, at the end of the day, reserves the military. The 1819 U.S. Incomparable Court concluded that the national government additionally had certain ‘implied powers’ in the McCulloch v. Maryland

The Life And Poetry Of William Buttler Yeats Essays - Abbey Theatre

The Life And Poetry Of William Buttler Yeats Essays - Abbey Theater The Life And Poetry Of William Buttler Yeats On June 13 1865 William Butler Yeats was conceived in Dublin Ireland. From the beginning Yeats had creative impacts, because of the way that his dad Jack Butler Yeats was a prominent Irish painter. He had no conventional instruction until he was eleven, around then he began at the Godolphin Grammar School in Hammer*censored*h England and later he took on Erasmus Smith High School in Dublin. All through his tutoring he was viewed as frustrating understudy, his examinations were conflicting, he was inclined to wandering off in fantasy land, and poor at sports. In 1884 Yeats discovered his way to the Metropolitan School for the Arts, here he met an artist by the name of George Russell. Yeats and Russell sheared similar dreams, dreams, and the excitement for them. Russell and Yeats before long established the Dublin Hermetic Society to direct otherworldly analyses. They advanced their thought that whatever extraordinary artists had certified in there best minutes was the closest we could go to a legitimate religion and that their folklore and their spirits of wind and water were nevertheless exacting truth. This started Yeatss enthusiasm for the investigation of the mysterious. After his involvement with the hermetic culture he joined the Rosicrucians, Madam H.P. Blavavtskys Theosophical Society, and MacGregors Mathers Order of the Dawn. Yeats counseled mystics much of the time and occupied with the custom of conjuring the Irish Gods. The mysterious research Yeats made was evident in his verse. The mysterious was a wellspring of pictures to use in his sonnets, and evedence of this is in the entirety of his works. In1885 Yeats met John OLeary an Irish Nationalist and Fenian pioneer. OLeary assumed an enormous job on getting Yeatss his work previously distributed in The Dublin University Review and guiding Yeatss focus toward local Irish hotspots for motivation. The impact of OLeary made Yeats take up the Irish authors cause. Britain was attempting to wreck all Irish writing trying to anglicize Ireland through a prohibition on the Gaelic language. OLearys patriotism and resistance to viciousness intrigued numerous individuals including Yeats. These perspectives helped shape political perspectives that Yeats would hold for a mind-blowing remainder. In 1889Yeats met Maude Gonne, a lady he adored pathetically for an amazing remainder. Yeats requested that Gonne wed him ordinarily yet she constantly turned him down. Gonne was an Irish loyalist and a motivation to Yeats. Yeats oftentimes went with here to political conventions despite the fact that he for the most part couldn't help contradicting her radical strategies. Their relationship experienced a ton including Gonnes fleeting marrige to John McBride. A large portion of Yeatss verse is routed to her. Yeats connected her with Helen of Troy, whose fancy prompted the demolition of a human advancement. In 1986 Yeats became companions with Lady Isabella Augusta Gregory, a patriot writer. Together Yeats and Lady Gregory served to establish the Abbey Theater. As the chief and producer Yeats assisted with transforming it into a main showy organization of the world and a focal point of the Irish Renaissance. Close to the Turn of the century Yeats battled to surrender his old style of composing, as of now his composing turned out to be less enchanted and representative and it became more clear. Yeats in the long run got hitched in 1917, at 52 years old. His significant other was Georgie Hyde-Lees, while on their special night she found that she had mediumistic capacities. Through programmed composing she could speak with a visionary domain. In Yeatss later years he turned out to be progressively associated with legislative issues. From 1922 1928 he was a congressperson for the Irish Free State. In 1923 Yeats got the Nobel Prize for writing, and passed on January 18 1939 in Roquebrune France. Yeats was covered in Sligo Ireland. A Drunken Mans Praise of Sobriety Come wash around my really punk Also, keep me moving still That I may remain a calm man In spite of the fact that I drank my fill. Moderation is a gem That I do much love, Also, consequently continue moving In spite of the fact that alcoholics untruth and wheeze. O mind your feet, O mind your feet Continue moving like a wave, Furthermore, under each artist A dead man in his grave. No ups no downs, my Pretty, A mermaid not a punk; A boozer is a dead man And every single dead man are flushed. This is an expressive sonnet, which Yeats

How to Detect and Manage Communication Aggressiveness

How to Detect and Manage Communication Aggressiveness Stress Management Relationship Stress Print Aggressive Communication: How to Deal With Relationship Aggression How to Handle Someone With an Aggressive Communication Style By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on October 01, 2018 Peter Dazeley / Getty Images More in Stress Management Relationship Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Weve all dealt with aggressiveness as a communication style in our relationships at one time or another, whether its come from a parent, a friend, a co-worker, or a romantic partner. In fact, if this style of communication was common in your family as you were growing up, it may be a style of communication that you use without realizing it. This style of communication is favored by narcissists and bullies, but it can show up in conversations anywhere, from the office to the bedroom. When aggressive communication is used by one person, emotional force is often experienced so that the rights of others are not even allowed to surface. When this happens, others feel victimized and relationships suffer. In that way, relationship aggression is bad for the aggressors as well as the recipients of the aggression. Aggressiveness is a mode of communication and behavior where one expresses their feelings, needs, and rights without regard or respect for the needs, rights, and feelings of others. The Toll of Aggressive Communication The toll that relationship conflict takes in terms of stress can affect us in many ways. It can impact our stress levels, and it can also affect our health and happiness. (See this article on the toll of conflict to know more about the negative impact aggression can take.) Because of the lack of real connection in their relationships, aggressive individuals tend to cause others stress and experience increased levels of stress themselves, as their relationships tend to be conflicted and their personal goals not as often achieved. A powerful tool to use in the face of aggressive communication is assertiveness. Assertiveness is often used as a synonym for forceful communication but, in contrast to aggressiveness, assertiveness involves expressing ones own needs and rights while respecting the needs and rights of others and maintaining the dignity of both parties. This results in healthier relationships and increased life satisfaction.  And while communication styles arent the only way that aggressiveness can surface in relationships, those who endeavor to change their aggressive communication patterns to assertive ones tend to be open to other improvements as well. The Benefits of Healthy Communication Learning about communication techniques can be helpful in a couple of ways. Assertive communication techniques can enable us to draw healthy boundaries with others so we have a line of defense against any aggressiveness they display. These healthy communication techniques can also help us to avoid being accidentally aggressive with others, which can also help to avoid conflict. Both of these positive effects make it well worth the effort to learn about assertive communication techniques. How Setting Boundaries Can Actually Help You Get Closer To People Assertive Communication Being assertive means voicing your needs while listening to and respecting others needs. It means looking for win-win solutions rather than win-lose ones. It means expressing your feelings in a calm way, explaining why you feel this way, and asking for what you would like rather than expecting others to guess. It also means listening well and trying to not only understanding others needs but communicating to them that you understand. Assertiveness may feel aggressive at first to those who are used to a passive style of communication. Conversely, it can feel passive to those who are accustomed to an aggressive style of communication. If you werent raised in a family where assertiveness and respect for others was the norm, it may require some practice to find the balance between steamrolling over others needs and allowing them to trample yours, but its well worth the effort. Once you find that balance, its easy to continue being assertive in all of your interactions, which can prevent conflict and resentment in the future. Your Communication Style What do you know about your habitual communication style? Are you prone to aggressiveness, assertiveness, or passivity? Here are some questions you can ask yourself: Do I seek out other peoples opinions, or just share my own?Am I upset if others dont agree with me?Do I talk over people or interrupt frequently?Do I check-in with people to see if theyre comfortable, or do I force my own agenda?Do I put people down?Do I know how to stand up for myself?Do I know how to disagree without being disagreeable?Do I know how to get my needs met without violating the needs of others? The above questions can help you get started thinking of whether you are comfortable standing up for yourself, too comfortable walking all over others, or have perhaps found a comfortable middle ground.  If youre not sure, read on and see if youre guilty of any of these common conflict resolution mistakes.  You can also learn more about healthy communication techniques you can use with the many people in your life--see how many of these you already put into practice.

The Effects of Bullying in Students - 1124 Words

THE EFFECTS OF BULLYING TO THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF TAGOLOAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SY: 2014-2015 by: Fernandez, Dimple A. Besa, Lindsay Q. Canoy, Richel Mae V. Dael, Bema A. Damiles, Jewel D. Parlocha, Michelle B. Pil, Riza Jane A. Introduction Bullying is the act to threat a weaker being to make them do something and hurt them emotionally or physically which later on affects a victim’s everyday life. From the looks of it, some students, especially those who are victims may have not seen the end of their situation yet. Some studies today found out that most students in grade school and high school have experienced different forms of bullying either from their peers or from their teachers in actual like†¦show more content†¦Parents, teachers and even the students are alarmed and worried because the number of this certain problem have outgrown every single day. Some may have been suffering in this kind of situation from time to time that not even one of us notice. How will we find out that a person is a victim of bullying? What could be the possible reason why some kids grow up to be bullies? What are short and long-time effects of bullying in the psyche of both in bullied and bully kids? What cou ld be the nature of this problem that some schools are facing? Why is bullying prevalent in our society? As researchers, we also want to know the answers to this problem and its all out effects to the society itself. Methodology Our team decided to find answers with these problems by conducting a research about this certain situation’s role in a community where a student takes part. A research must be systematic or orderly and sequential to procure a study’s exact goal and purpose. In presenting a problem, the reason why the study is conducted must be included. Since a research must be controlled, researchers must conduct field study and Observations after presenting a problem to test hypothesis and assumptions. Notes/permits and some necessary letters need to be implored in the study as a procedure. Since researchers chose primary data, some individuals or an entire section of classShow MoreRelatedBullying And Its Effects On Students895 Words   |  4 Pagesworkplaces, universities, colleges and especially high schools. According to National Association of School Psychologist in United States, one out of seven students used to bully others or being the victims. Despite of the common assumption that bullying is a normal part of children in their early years, the consequences can strongly effect on students well-being. Lasting for years or even the whole life, it makes the victim feel frustrated, despondent, useless, fearful or isolated. Apparently, it isRead MoreBullying Schools : Its Causes And Effects On Students899 Words   |  4 Pages Bullying is a worldwide issue that affects millions of individuals every day. To some it could be meant as a joke but the reality of the matter is that it could cost someone their life. One article written about the causes and effects of bullying in elementary schools’ explains, â€Å"bullying may include verbal and physical assaults, threats, ‘jokes’ or language, mockery and criticizing, insulting behavior and facial expressions†(Jan,2015). Bullying is not just narrowed down to one specific remark;Read MoreThe Effects of Bullying in School for Students Essay3240 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿The Effects of Bullying in School for Students Violence in the education which happens frequently is the fact. In Jakarta, students’ brawl almost happens every week, so that it is no longer interesting for those journalists. So far, when talking about the violence in students’ life, the topic that often presents is about students’ brawl, whereas there is the other kind of violence in students’ life that has more dangerous effects. It is bullying. Bullying often occurs in students’ society at bothRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Students Within The School System920 Words   |  4 Pagessome students or children carry. Bullying. Bullying over the course of the years still plays a role in the education system. Although the form of bullying has changed from the past to now, it still has an effect on students within the school systems. In the past there was the physical form of bullying where â€Å"jocks† would push the â€Å"nerds† into lockers or their books out of their hands. An other typical term used by bullies that anybody can recognize is, â€Å"give me your lunch money,† but bullying has evolvedRead MoreThe Effects Of Cyber Bullying On School Students Essay1751 Words   |  8 Pagesenjoying the real life. Such circumstances led to the expansion of the newly-appeared issue of the cyber bullying that mostly affects school students. All of the harassment incidents that were happening only during the school time have overgrown into something more threatening and overwhelming that can happen at any arbitrary time. Consequently, cyber bullying may be even more dangerous than school bullying. In addition, there are a lot of unfamiliar people, who can participate in the process of someone’sRead MoreThe Effects Of School Bullying On Students And The Climate Of A School System891 Words   |  4 PagesThe influence of school bullying is not as one dimensional as some have thought, and recent studies have examined this issue from the angles of stud ent perception as well as socio-cultural perspectives (Espelage et al., 2014). Bullying is a dynamic issue with the capability to impact schools in numerous areas. Researchers typically categorize the negative effects of school bullying in terms of short and long term consequences and in terms of its impact on individual students and the climate of a schoolRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On High School Students Academic Performance2172 Words   |  9 PagesThe Impact of Bullying in Schools Bullying has been a long existing problem in schools and unfortunately it still is today. â€Å"20% of U.S. students in grades 9–12 experienced bullying† (Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance — United States, 2013, 2014). Olweus (1996) stated, bullying is when â€Å"a student is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other students† (p. 275). The results of bullying can lead to a lot of negative problems in a student mentally, physicallyRead MoreBullying And How It Can Effect A Student s Education1777 Words   |  8 Pages Bullying and How it Can Effect a Student’s Education Bullying such as physical or verbal or cyber can distract a student and get him or her to only think about the hurtful things that are done to them causing them to fail one class or more. Bullying cannot only effect the life of a teen student but can also effect their education. These actions can drive a student towards the path of not graduating high school and failing to meet their goal.It has been proven on a recent interview by Ellen Daniels-URead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Students s Physical And Emotional Safety At School854 Words   |  4 PagesBullying in schools is one of the most common social issues associated with education in the United States. This issue has no particular specification for who is a target, no limit on how it is rendered and it can have an effect on student’s physical and emotional safety at school. In addition to physical and emotional upset, bullying can also negatively impact the student’s ability to focus on, understand and retain the information being taught in classes. As research shows approximately 28%, roughlyRead MoreEffects Concerning School-Age Bullying: A Retrospective Examination of College Students Experiences3654 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Retrospective examination of college students experiences and effects concerning school-age bullying Table of Contents Abstract: 3 Introduction: 4 Childhood Teasing: 4 School age bullying: 6 Experiences of college Students: 7 Long term Consequences: 8 Relationship with Interpersonal Functioning: 9 Relationship with anxiety and depression: 10 Relationship with trust: 11 Relationship with quality of friendship: 12 Coping Strategy: 12 Conclusion: 13 References: 15 Abstract:

European Colonization Effects - 1222 Words

In the past, European countries came to the Americas looking to build their empire and gain power. They were competing to be the most powerful country and improve their economic lives. In the drive to be the most powerful European country, they started colonizing the Americas. The effects of colonization were reflected in different groups of people. Some effects were bad and some ere good. There are different perspectives about colonization. Some people think that the colonization was a great event that happened to the Americans and Europeans. However, as Murrin’s article states and in my opinion the European colonies in the Americas were not completely positive development and affected them in various ways. Colonization was almost a†¦show more content†¦70.) â€Å"England established its first permanent colony on the Atlantic seaboard of North America at Jamestown in 1607.† (Early American Slavery in the Colonies†¦, 2007) Colonists were looking for peopl e to work on their farms. It emerged in Virginia and some British colonies; they desired a labor force that could operate the agricultural demands, tobacco at that time. Those servants could complete their term, be freed and own some land. In 1619, African slavery was introduced into the British colonies by the Dutch. African immigrants did not come voluntarily. Slaves suffered a lot with the creation of colonies because they were similar to servants, but they did not receive a payment and they did not have â€Å"freedom dues†;their term would never end and they could not own land. Colonists also forced the slaves to become Christians even though that did not change their status. They threatened their liberty. African Slaves were treated with racism. Another of the groups that suffered the colonization era were the Indians. â€Å"The settlers arrived on the East Coast of North America.† (Learning English, 2012.) When colonists arrived in the Americas, they thought abou t the Indians as an inferior race. As Columbus states in his journal, â€Å"They should be good and intelligent servants, for I see that they say very quicklyShow MoreRelatedLasting Effects of European Colonization on Native American Indians.1047 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Colonisation on North American Indians Since the Europeans set foot on North American soil in 1620,they have had a devastating effect on the native population. I will be discussing the long term effect of North American colonisation on the Native Americans, focusing on such issues as employment opportunities, the environment, culture and traditions, health, as well as social justice. I will begin with the important issue of employment opportunities. The unemployment rate forRead MoreThe Effects Of European Colonization2048 Words   |  9 PagesThe effects of European colonization can still be seen today. It can be seen physically in the landscapes of the islands of the Caribbean, and mentally it is still present in some of the inhabitant’s minds. Political struggles should not be ignored as well as many islands have struggled since their independence. Today when many Europeans look back at the peak of their country’s empires they see the Caribbean as a contributing factor. While there is no question as to the wealth generated by the controlRead MoreLong-term Effects of European Colonization on Africa Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesAfrica has had a long and tumultuous road of colonization and decolonization the rush to colonize Africa started in the 17th century with the discovery of the vast amounts of gold, diamonds, and rubber with colonization hitting a fever pitch during World War I. However, the repercussions of colonization have left deep wounds that still remain unhealed in the 21st century. Early on, European nations such as Britain, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany and Belgium scrambled for territories. CountriesRead MoreCulture Is A Common Way Of Life Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesFamily background and individual experiences also contribute to these differences. These lead to differences in practices, beliefs and expectations from each other. The purpose of this essay is to establish how the differences in Native Americans, Europeans and Africans leave each both prepared and unprepared for contact with each other. It will explore the challenges they face as well as the positive and negative outcomes of this contact. Native americans Their cultures were matrilineal and theirRead More Native Peoples in New England Essay example1579 Words   |  7 Pagesgathering nuts and berries. Sustained contact with Europeans beginning in the fifteenth century subjected lifeways established over centuries or even millennia to severe stress. Native Americans have struggled over the last several centuries to retain and sustain their relationship with the land in the face of changing economic relations, rapidly changing political alliances, demographic catastrophe, and warfare. Much of the early contact between Europeans and Native peoples revolved around trade. ByRead MoreAnalyzing The Light And The Glory1725 Words   |  7 Pagesfails to pique the interest of its readers. A number of historical events further The Light and the Glory’s thesis. Beginning chronologically, the authors open with the tales of renowned Spanish explorer, Christopher Columbus. On account of the European explorers of the New World and their respective accounts of exploration, Columbus single-handedly facilitated the journey to America. In his personal writings that Marshall and Manuel studied, they determined that Columbus was convinced he was â€Å"theRead MoreSlavery And Its Impact On The United States Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesthe â€Å"New World.† From a footnote in American history of little consequence until the cotton fields of the antebellum South, it has evolved into a study that now sees the institution as the most significant element in the colonization and exploitation of this hemisphere by Europeans. It also acknowledges the participation of Africans and the Amerindians in this process and furthermore sees it as essential to its occurrence. The added significance of the Atlantic system has created a more compellingRead MoreAmerican Colonies : The Settling Of North America902 Words   |  4 Pagesanalysis. The Indians and slaves have recently been noted as a more crucial part of history than previously accredited with. 2. European exploration, in its entirety, is a complex subject with many causes and effects. In the attempt to break away from their previous home, colonists experienced a novel mixing of a variety of life, people plants and animals included. Africans, Europeans, and Indians all became acquainted in a new medley of a society. Each group, all with a unique cultural background, foundRead MoreEcological Change in New England under Native Americans and Colonists1621 Words   |  7 Pagesthe changes in the New England environment under the stewardship of Native Americans and European colonist in Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. Cronon’s work expounds on the ecological impacts of the colonization of New England, and he accomplishes this by frequently comparing and contrasting the radically differing ecological policies of Native Americans and the European colonists who co-habited the same land in an uneasy existence (xvi). The differences inR ead MoreEffects Of Colonialism On Native Peoples1072 Words   |  5 Pages The Effects of Colonialism on Native Peoples Colonialism has had major effects on different countries throughout the years. Europeans were a major cause of these horrid events. Colonization will cause a country to lose the culture they have developed and will strip the natives of their souls. As you read through this paper, you will discover the true horror of what colonialism is and how it strips the souls of the people in it. Stripping the Souls of the Natives It is known that invading a country

Erich Fromm’s Conception of the Art of Being Free Essays

Fromm situates the role of social psychology as attempting to resolve the Marxian dialectical contradiction that history constructs ‘man’ while placing ‘man’ as the main source of such a construction [that being the construction of history]. In addition to this, Fromm focuses on the manner in which one can understand how passions and anxieties are molded by the social process. The importance of social psychology, within this context is thereby evident if one considers that the function of social psychology is to show how those energies [passions and anxieties] become productive forces capable of molding the social process [that of the social construction of man as well as man’s construction of history]. We will write a custom essay sample on Erich Fromm’s Conception of the Art of Being or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fromm recognizes that social character refers to that part of the character structure of individuals which is common to most members of a particular social group, developed in response to their conditions of life. Character is shaped by the dynamic adaptation of needs to social reality, and, in its turn, character conditions the thinking, feeling, and acting of individuals. Despite his use of the word ‘determines’, Fromm consistently stresses the dynamism of human nature whereby individuals and groups are able to resist the seduction of certain enslaving adaptations and open up the possibility of positive freedom through self-realization. The concept of social character helps to explain the link between the material basis of society and the ideological superstructure. It is, in this sense, the intermediary between the socio-economic structure and the ideas and ideals prevalent in society. The economic basis conditions social character, which determines the ideas and ideals of a class or a group. In turn, these ideas help to mould the social character and, indirectly, influence the economic structure. In comparison to Freud’s notion of human psychology, Fromm was able to keep open the possibility that, on the basis of what we all share as human beings, we are capable of creating a society in which the prevalent relationship of domination and submission is rejected in favor of a relationship of solidarity (Fear 228). His analysis of the psychology of socio-economic change in various social classes from the time of the Reformation through to the twentieth century reveals a variety of ways of suppressing the freedom which was on offer as a result of the break from the political, economic, and spiritual shackles that bound people in pre-modern times. According to Fromm, modernity involves a breakdown of old securities which is so frightening that different social groups resort to belief systems and movements which bind them to new forms of domination and submission. In relation to Fromm’s conception of human existence within the context of the aforementioned conditions, Fromm considers the notion of existence [ethical existence] in terms of virtuosity. Fromm notes, â€Å"The virtuous or vicious character rather than single virtues or vices is the true subject matter of ethical inquiry† (Man 33). Character ethics reach back to the philosophy of Ancient Greece, and Fromm’s debt to Aristotle is freely acknowledged. The abandonment of the idea of an essential human nature striving towards a telos leaves conventional moral philosophy the impossible task of deriving moral precepts from a view of ‘untutored’ human nature (MacIntyre 54-55). Fromm explicitly criticizes this internalized authoritarianism wherein the pursuit of one’s own happiness has no positive ethical value as supreme happiness can only be found in the fulfillment of one’s duty (Man 121-3). This idea that there is a natural propensity for evil and that the moral law is necessary to suppress it is anathema to Fromm, for whom loving one’s self and loving one’s neighbor is not a phenomenon transcending humanity but rather an inherent attribute of that humanity (Fear 98-99). Fromm notes that it is the power by which we relate to and enable solidarity with our fellowmen. Within this contextual background what is human nature for Fromm. In The Art of Being, he poses the question of what it is that distinguishes the human being from other animals. For Fromm self-awareness, reason and imagination merely disrupt the harmony which characterizes animal nature. The human being is at once part of nature and yet transcends the rest of nature. Reason drives us to endless striving for new solutions to the problems which we continuously need to confront. The human life is one of unavoidable disequilibrium in which there can be no return to a pre-human state of harmony with nature but only a development of reason towards mastery of nature, including human nature. Only by recognizing that the only meaning to life is that which is given by humans through productive living can the possibility develop of achieving happiness through the full realization of the faculties which are peculiarly human. In Man for Himself, he cites Aristotle and Spinoza as the leading humanist philosophers, but also endorses Marx’s comment in Capital that it is vital to distinguish between human nature in general and human nature as modified in each historical period. For Fromm, humanistic ethics is based on the principle that ‘good’ is what is good for us as human beings and ‘evil’ is what is detrimental to us, and the sole criterion of ethical value is human welfare. ‘Good’ is regarded as the affirmation of life through the unfolding of man’s powers and ‘virtue’ is regarded as responsibility to our own existence, whereas ‘evil’ is perceived as the crippling aspect of our power and vice is an instance of our irresponsibility toward ourselves. Drawing on Aristotle and Spinoza, Fromm commends ‘productiveness’ and the ‘productive orientation’, involving the full development of the human capacities for creativity, love, and reason. Failure to live in this way results in ‘dysfunction and unhappiness’ for the individual the occurrence of which leads to a ‘socially patterned defect’. Hence, in the aforementioned work [The Art of Being] Fromm notes that it is important to recognize the existing law [universal law] that governs all forms of human relations. Such a law ensures the necessity that we should be mindful that â€Å"there is no contact between human beings that does not affect† all human beings (13). In To Have or To Be? he contrasts the being mode with the having mode. The being mode is a situation in which activities are productive in the sense of being consciously directed at the enrichment of human existence, as opposed to the having mode in which activity is directed to acquiring wealth and power over others (33). Although he accepts that the having mode is socially dominant, he argues that, only a small minority are governed entirely by it. There are still aspects of most people’s lives in which they are genuinely touched by non-instrumental feelings for their fellow human beings. One of the problems in establishing pictures of the productive individual and the being mode is that psychoanalysis has traditionally focused on neuroses rather than well-being. The problem is made more complex by the theoretical move from the consideration of the mental health of the individual to that of society. Utopian thinking traditionally addresses the possibility of a happy society, but often this is seen merely as the removal of anxiety caused by material oppression or deprivation. Despite these difficulties, a clear picture of the emancipated individual in the  free society does emerge from Fromm’s work, with the emphasis on a productive disposition and social relations infused with solidarity and love. In relation to this, how is it possible to understand Fromm’s conception of the necessity to enable the individual to live a life of virtue [and hence to ‘realize’ his being or his existence] within a world dominated by various forms of simulacra enabled by mass media? In order to ensure the realization of an individual’s existence [and hence that of his being] psychology’s role, in this sense, involves the production and implementation of various methods that will enable an individual to develop his virtue and as a result of this develop the existence of solidarity and love within society. Such methods include that of enabling self-awareness amongst individuals. Self-awareness in this sense must be understood in relation to the manner in which man stands as a social constructor of both man and culture [and hence society] beyond being a mere political, ideological, or religious individual. Art of Being, in this sense, [in relation to and along Fromm’s philosophy] opts to enable the realization and the affirmation of the self through the development of virtue in order to ensure the existence of solidarity within the human community. Works Cited Fromm, Erich. The Art of Being. London: Routledge, 1993. The Fear of Freedom. New York: Routledge, 1984. Man for Himself: An Inquiry into the Psychology of Ethics. New York: Routledge, 1990. To Have or to Be? London: Routledge, 1993. McIntyre, Alasdaire. After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. London: Np, 1995. How to cite Erich Fromm’s Conception of the Art of Being, Essay examples

Virtual Reality The Future Of Tomorrow Essay Example For Students

Virtual Reality: The Future Of Tomorrow Essay Virtual Reality: The Future of TomorrowAlthough some doubt the potential of virtual reality, the reality is our technologically dependent culture is making virtual reality a part of everyday life. Popular in video games, virtual reality allows the user to totally control a computerized character. Every action the user makes is imitated by the character and instantly displayed for the user. However, since the early 90’s, the use of virtual reality has developed and taken the spotlight past evolving video games. Virtual reality has already made its mark on fields such as aviation, medicine, and even meteorology. Where is this new technology heading in the future? According to the Millennium edition of the Wall Street Journal, â€Å"even conservative forecasts suggest education, entertainment, the workplace and the boundaries of human expression will be greatly transformed by virtual reality† (Cox 40). Increasingly advanced technology could put virtual reality in the drive r’s seat of countless industries. We will write a custom essay on Virtual Reality: The Future Of Tomorrow specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In recent years virtual reality has already been involved in several technological areas. Even those who have little knowledge about the production of virtual reality are most likely aware of its use in video games. However, many people may not be aware of the numerous other areas where it has been applied. For example, astronaut trainees have recently used virtual reality to simulate a trip to space. Medical students have substituted a carcass for a fiberglass mould of a body and a headset when training to perform surgery. A popular online chat is developing into a society of interactive, animated users. Introducing virtual reality to the real world has already proven to be beneficial for every industry it encounters. Welcome to the new world of virtual technology, the advantages have only begun. Virtual reality (VR), as defined by The Newbury House Dictionary of American English, is experiencing events that seem like real life by putting on special eye glasses, hearing devices ad gloves attached to a computer. With the help of these hardware devices, the VR user’s actions totally control of the computer’s resulting actions. This control sets virtual reality apart from previously developed technologies. Because of the amazingly fast processing speed of the computer, VR accepts the user’s every move and displays the differences in the virtual environment. When electronic media originated, people were not only amazed, but also already easily influenced and persuaded by the entertainment. For example, on Oct. 30, 1938, Orson Welles’s radio enactment of â€Å"The War of the Worlds, had some people believing that a real alien invasion was occurring. In similarity, television and the movies of today have the ability to brainwash people immensely. Next c ame the computer generation with countless ways to drown people in the entertainment computers provide. Electronic games, along with the Internet, are probably the greatest contributors to keeping people indoors, and what some consider as lifeless. The greatest impersonator of the real world is virtual reality. Virtual reality can place the user anywhere doing anything imaginable. Want to take a mission to the moon? You can with virtual reality. Don’t believe it? With virtual reality, people are already on their way up. Perhaps the only aspect of virtual reality that isn’t on its way up is the price. Jaron Lanier is a computer scientist who established the term â€Å"virtual reality† in the early 1980’s. According to the Wall Street Journal, Lanier expressed that: †¦good virtual reality equipment remains very expensive and that the software tools required to create the virtual-reality environments remain crude and difficult to use. As with all types of information technology, the costs are dropping fast and the quality keeps improving. But for now, only a select few have experienced what will one day become a commonplace use of virtual reality. (Cox 40)Since the price of virtual reality continues to drop, perhaps the future will inhabit virtual reality in nearly every technological situation. Regardless, one thing is for sure: virtual reality is changing the way we see things. Those who view virtual reality as a benefit to our society, base their opinion on its success throughout numerous fields of study. However, the issue is not whether or not virtual reality works, but if it is truly beneficial. Not only could virtual reality become a great advantage when included in technological fields, but also when introduced into everyday life. Combining virtual reality with every day activity could prove to be the most beneficial technological advancement in time. As time advances so does our society’s knowledge in the field of medicine. Virtual reality can effectively simulate medical surgeries and emergencies, to productively train those studying the medical field. In former surgical training, trainees used the bodies of donated corpses to practice surgical techniques and precision. Recently, invasive surgery, brain surgery, and â€Å"telepresence surgery† have all been virtually recreated with advanced technology. Telepresence surgery uses a syste m, which allows a surgeon to operate on a patient at any location. According to the April 23, 1994 issue of the British Medical Journal, telepresence surgery could â€Å"†¦enable specialized surgeons to operate on patients a distance† (McGovern 2). This would be a very beneficial addition to the surgical field. For example, a patient could request a specific surgeon to perform surgery on them from anywhere in the world. This would be necessary if the surgery was unusual and a surgeon specialist isn’t available nearby. .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8 , .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8 .postImageUrl , .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8 , .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8:hover , .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8:visited , .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8:active { border:0!important; } .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8:active , .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8 .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uad41044143bff6f10faafa4c9665f7e8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Architecture in Frost and Stevens EssayThe critical training of astronauts is also being adjusted. With virtual reality, astronaut trainees can experience the feel of space without the danger of the actual thing. Large vacuum domes, or closed areas without oxygen, were popular for understanding the feel of non-gravitational space. Although this practice is effective, the use of virtual reality has proven to be more beneficial while training for space. Jim Newman has accumulated 779 hours of space travel and 28 hours of space walking throughout his missions onboard the U.S. space shuttle. Newman associated with virtual reality by wearing a helmet, sensor gloves, and shoulde r harnesses that measured and responded to his every move. â€Å"The odd, local gravitational effects of rotating in space, , make it all but impossible to practice these maneuvers except by using virtual reality† (Cox 40). The virtual training precisely imitated the great fear of becoming disconnected from the tether while walking in space. In order to effectively train for space, the astronaut must be given the same environment that space provides. Virtual reality is a benefit to space training because any environment can be readily created and explored by the user. NASA in return is making VR more affordable and opening the equipment to large numbers of people. Most everyone would like to have a more accurate weather forecast, especially when dangerous weather is involved. Virtual reality allows scientists to get an inside look at dangerous weather and obtain a better understanding of the ingredients necessary to generate a storm. With this knowledge, scientists can educat e forecasters allowing them to make better predictions on the occurrence of threatening storms. These accurate predictions will allow people to better prepare for threatening weather and remain safe from unexpected catastrophes. According to an article found in the Dec. 1997 issue of the magazine Earth, a video theater, used to display the virtual reality simulations, exists on the campus of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. This theater (â€Å"CAVE†) will increase the scientists understanding of a severe storm by virtually placing them in the middle of it. Inside the virtual simulation, the user stands in a dark room, surrounded on three sides by white fabric screens. Numerous video projectors, outside the cave, place images on the screens to be seen by the user. The special glasses worn by the user make these projections seem real to the human brain. From the middle of a virtual storm, the CAVE will allow scientist to alter the variables necessary to the storm. For example, Robert Wilhelmson, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Illinois, and graduate student Vijendra Jaswal have already used the CAVE to research â€Å"severe thunderstorms, a tornado-spawning supercell, and mos t recently a tropical squall line† (Pen*censored* 9). The CAVE is already proven to be beneficial to the field of meteorology. With virtual reality, scientists can readily interpret the factors a dangerous storm needs to forecasters. With more information on what causes dangerous weather, the world can become a shelter from the storm. Virtual reality obviously works, but it may not be truly beneficial. In fact, many people believe virtual reality is actually a detriment to our society. They don’t believe the predicted possibilities of virtual reality, and also resist using it. These people have good reason for their strong beliefs. Those who discuss virtual reality, usually only focus on its strong points; rarely proving that it is a benefit to our society. Associating virtual reality into every day activity could prove to be an overall disadvantage for everyone involved. Unfortunately, most of the hardware involved in virtual reality is still rather unprepared for its expectations. Years ago arcades were filled with simple, graphically lacking games, such as Pac-Man, or Frogger. However, today its becoming common for adolescence to be spoiled with new virtual reality games in tremendous arcade rooms. The problem is these simulations restrict the user to viewing the virtual reality from inside a helmet or a pair of goggles. The poorly synchronized movement produced by these devices often leaves users dizzy or nauseated. A person with an unbalanced equilibrium could have even more complications when experiencing virtual reality. This is an example of how virtual reality has proven to be detrimental for those who use it. .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4 , .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4 .postImageUrl , .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4 , .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4:hover , .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4:visited , .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4:active { border:0!important; } .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4:active , .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4 .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufab655030cd539e5209b501ffd2780d4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Church is My Second Home EssayVirtual reality has the capability of contributing to nearly every technological daily activity. In my opinion, the human race has already devoted much of their extracurricular activities to technology. Therefore, virtual reality has the potential to practically lock people indoors and brainwash them of actual reality. Interaction amongst humans, along with their social skills could diminish drastically. The Internet has already become a major factor in most every ones life. Chat rooms and instant messaging is currently extremely popular throughout the World Wide Web. In 1995 a new category of chat was introduced to the Internet. Worlds Chat combines three-dimensional graphics with online chatting. The chat allows the user to choose an animated body for themselves and interact with another user located anywhere in the world. Although this example doesn’t incorporate the typical VR helmet, it does demonstrate virtual reality. This example also shows that the Internet is becoming a great part of human interaction. Although this activity is entertaining it is an overall disadvantage to the society. The best way to learn something is to witness it first hand. Therefore, using virtual reality to learn difficult tasks is not the best way to learn them. For example, the astronaut trainees using virtual reality to train for space, don’t know the results of their mistakes. They may even being brainwashed into believing they can make mistakes. Therefore, using virtual reality to train is a detriment for some technological fields. I believe virtual reality will benefit our future in every field it encounters. This technology has already helped people learn so many things. For example, if someone from the state of Florida wants to learn how to ski, they can with virtual reality. They can strap on a helmet, step on to some active skis and experience reality far from any snow. If someone wants to learn how to golf without walking an entire course, virtual reality can emulate the game. I once experienced this instance of virtual reality. Golf games have been created where the user can swing and actual club and hit an actual ball into a screen in front of them. The screen is an emulation of any course in the world. After the ball hits the screen, it continues its path in the game. This game is extremely realistic, because the game reads the balls trajectory, power, direction and even spin when it is hit. I once played 18 holes at Augusta, one of the most premier courses in the world, and I didn’t even leave Ohio. These examples are just some of the possibilities virtual reality will bring to our future. Introducing virtual reality into the future will prove to be a benefit for our society. Several important issues involving virtual reality have previously been discussed. Surgery and surgical training are extremely crucial processes in which virtual reality has shown to be beneficial. Astronaut training is another critical procedure. Jim Newman, highly experienced in space, stated himself that without virtual reality it was â€Å"impossible† to train for certain events (Cox 40). Precise forecasts of the weather are not always easy. However, virtual reality has already been incorporated in the study of severe weather, giving forecasters more knowledge and the society more protection. The future is virtual reality, and its benefits will remain immeasurable. Computers Essays

Kitchen Table Ethics Essays

Kitchen Table Ethics Essays Kitchen Table Ethics Essay Kitchen Table Ethics Essay I realized that just because we were taught something or told something it was very rarely displayed. Our Kitchen Table Philosophy was very situational in my family. I believe that my philosophy was, as I say not as I do. ?C,-1? My brother, sisters and I were taught to work hard and care for others by our parents. We were told the difference between right and wrong. For the most part we were raised to be religious. Manners were very Important and we were told all you added In life was love and that would bring you happiness. Although we were told to work hard my father had a Job only half of my childhood. My mother told us not to drink and drive but my father had three We were told to treat everyone the same, but every race and religion had Its own derogatory slang word. Dating someone who was not would not have been acceptable In my family. Education was never pushed on us and I don? remember my parents ever asking If we had homework. I also remember being told that you could do whatever you wanted in life and to accomplish it all you had to do was apply yourself. Maybe this is because neither of my parents had an education. My father completed his junior year and then dropped out where as my mother at least had her high school diploma. Sitting around the kitchen table or standing around with family members was not unusual for a family get together. This is where I learned most of what was right and wrong. This is were where I would listen to relatives and learned that what my parents showed us as an example was wrong. I learned that in life love was? al you needed for happiness, you also needed money. Something we did not have growing up in my house. As I grew up, the outside world played huge part of who I am today. I know that lust because you may not be we are all created to be equal. Everyone who wants to further themselves has the opportunity to do so and that being a good example is very important. And also the differences between right and wrong is not only saying it but also doing it. I am a parent now and I believe that not only should you teach right and wrong o should be an example to your children. I tell my children not drink and drive that wrong and so I do not drink and drive. I tell my children school Is very Important and that you can do anything you want to do If you apply yourself. Not going to college is not an option for my children and they know that. When my son came to me and said, mom you go to college?C,-1?0 that made me realize I should go to college and be a good example I also explain to my children that sometimes parents make mistakes but you can try to go back to correct hat mistake. When my husband and I talk about politics and one of the children say who they want to win the presidency we ask them why. We try to encourage our children to think for themselves. I think that Kitchen Table Philosophy does have a lot to do with how a person can turn out. I also believe that no matter what belief system you grew up with and no matter want Slacken ladle you going to Just get by? Phonology you were release Walt, In ten Ana all about your example. The question is, are you going to rise above it if need be or are

Conjugation of the Spanish Verb Reír

Conjugation of the Spanish Verb Reà ­r The written accent on its final syllable makes reà ­r (to laugh) an unusual verb. But it is  still regularly conjugated in terms of pronunciation (although not spelling) in most forms. Sonreà ­r (to smile) is conjugated in the same  way as reà ­r. So is freà ­r (to fry) with one exception - freà ­r has two past participles, freà ­do and frito. The latter is far more common. Two of the forms below, rio and riais, used to be spelled with an accent: rià ³ and riis, respectively. But the Royal Spanish Academy eliminated the accents marks, which do not affect pronunciation, during a spelling overhaul in 2010. You may still see the accented forms in use. Irregular forms are shown below in boldface. Translations are given as a guide and in real life may vary with context. Infinitive of Rer reà ­r (to laugh) Gerund of Rer riendo (laughing) Participle of Rer reà ­do (laughed) Present Indicative of Rer yo rà ­o, tà º rà ­es, usted/à ©l/ella rà ­e, nosotros/as reà ­mos, vosotros/as reà ­s, ustedes/ellos/ellas rà ­en (I laugh, you laugh, he laughs, etc.) Preterite of Rer yo reà ­, tà º reà ­ste, usted/à ©l/ella rio, nosotros/as reà ­mos, vosotros/as reà ­steis, ustedes/ellos/ellas rieron (I laughed, you laughed, she laughs, etc.) Imperfect Indicative of Rer yo reà ­a, tà º reà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella reà ­a, nosotros/as reà ­amos, vosotros/as reà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas reà ­an (I used to laugh, you used to laugh, he used to laugh, etc.) Future Indicative of Rer yo reirà ©, tà º reirs, usted/à ©l/ella reir, nosotros/as reiremos, vosotros/as reirà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas reirn (I will laugh, you will laugh, he will laugh, etc.) Conditional of Rer yo reirà ­a, tà º reirà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella reirà ­a, nosotros/as reirà ­amos, vosotros/as reirà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas reirà ­an (I would laugh, you would laugh, she would laugh, etc.) Present Subjunctive of Rer que yo rà ­a, que tà º rà ­as, que usted/à ©l/ella rà ­a, que nosotros/as riamos, que vosotros/as riais, que ustedes/ellos/ellas rà ­an (that I laugh, that you laugh, that she laugh, etc.) Imperfect Subjunctive of Rer que yo riera (riese), que tà º rieras (rieses), que usted/à ©l/ella riera (riese), que nosotros/as rià ©ramos (rià ©semos), que vosotros/as rierais (rieseis), que ustedes/ellos/ellas rieran (riesen) (that I laughed, that you laughed, that he laughed, etc.) Imperative of Rer rà ­e (tà º), no rà ­as (tà º), rà ­a (usted), riamos (nosotros/as), reà ­d (vosotros/as), no riais (vosotros/as), rà ­an (ustedes) (laugh, dont laugh, laugh, lets laugh, etc.) Compound Tenses of Rer The perfect tenses are made by using the appropriate form of haber and the past participle, reà ­do. The progressive tenses use estar with the gerund, riendo. Sample Sentences Showing Conjugation of Verbs in Rers Pattern Si rà ­es, yo reirà © contigo. (If you laugh, I will laugh with you. Present indicative, future.) En fin, rà ­e como nunca ha reà ­do en su vida. (Finally, he is smiling as he has never smiled in his life. Present indicative, present perfect.) Sonrio despuà ©s de unos segundos de incomodidad. (She laughed after a few seconds of discomfort. Preterite.) Quiero que riamos juntos. (I want us to laugh together.  Present subjunctive.) En las fotos tomadas ante del siglo XIX, las personas casi nunca sonreà ­an. (In photos taken before the 19th century, people are almost never smiling.  Imperfect.) Para hacer cebolla frita en conserva, yo la freirà ­a a fuego lento hasta que estuviera transparente. (To make fried onions for canning, I would fry them on a low flame until theyre transparent. (Past participle used as an adjective, conditional.)  ¡Sonrà ­e! (Smile! Imperative.)

Marketing and advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing and advertisement - Essay Example Advertisement is a detailed process and hence quite a bit of thought and planning goes into advertising campaigns, as a complete campaign comprise of print ads, radio ads and television ads, all meant to maximize results for the client or business being advertisement. This paper tries to understand the various ways through which the UK CAP Codes (CAP/BCAP Codes) can be reformed. Advertisement can be seen in different perspectives. As defined above, the purpose of advertisement increase the number of articles or products sold. As if this is not enough, advertisement is also a very important aspect in the political scene as politicians use ads to sell their manifestos (DYER 1988, pg67). Advertisement developed into a big business in the 20th century, creating numerous jobs in advertisement agencies and the marketing industry. The growth in advertisement has been made possible through advance use of the media like newspapers, television, radio, magazines, direct mails and the internet. Advertising has developed to an international business strategy, since producers and companies try to sell their products on a globalized market in almost every corner of the world (DYER 1988, pg112). Business is all about who knows you rather than who you know. Advertising generates sales and opportunities through building awareness of products and services. Identifying of the ideal customer and understanding their motivation behind buying the products is core to the advertising production process.... in advertisement has been made possible through advance use of the media like newspapers, television, radio, magazines, direct mails and the internet. Advertising has developed to an international business strategy, since producers and companies try to sell their products on a globalized market in almost every corner of the world (DYER 1988, pg112). Business is all about who knows you rather than who you know. Advertising generates sales and opportunities through building awareness of products and services. Identifying of the ideal customer and understanding their motivation behind buying the products is core to the advertising production process. It is a fact that the process of advertising is a complex one and is therefore characterized by some costs (PAGELL & HALPERIN 1997, pg45). Therefore advertising agencies should avoid cost overrun by reviewing their adverts before incurring additional charges. Good advertising process should also ensure that the final product includes the ne cessary contact information, together with any needed mention of pricing or a special offer. In this regard, the entire advertising process requires a lot of responsibility. Knowledge of the laws is important to advertisement planning because of complexity of communication and the diverse perceptions of customers in response to promotional communications (DYER 1988, pg63). Media ethics is an elusive topic that will change from medium to medium from audience to audience and from person to person. Thus, I cannot write this paper from the perspective of right and wrong (MARLIN 2002, pg34) .Whenever a group of individuals are poses some power to influence the lives of others, ethical obligations becomes domineering. Ethical issues are imperative in considering different courses of action, and

Unions and labor relations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unions and labor relations - Research Paper Example New business concepts such as outsourcing and offshoring helped organizations to operate in a multicultural environment. In other words, employers started to deal with a much more diverse workforce because of globalization. The strategies needed to manage a diverse workforce are entirely different form the strategies needed to manage a workforce of single culture. Different employees may have different needs, especially when they operating in a multicultural environment. For example, Muslim employees always like to have a break for prayer during the mid-noon of every Friday. Same way Christian employees always like to have off on every Sundays. If the employers prevent them from taking such luxuries, they will develop dissatisfaction and their loyalty towards the management may come down. The needs of the employees are changing rapidly because of the advancements in living standards and the new challenges coming in front of them as the time goes on. For example, living expenses are g rowing day by day and it is difficult for an employee to find his livelihood if the employer is not ready to increase his salary. Same way, workloads are increasing day by day and as a result of that employees are not getting enough time for leisure activities. Work-life balancing is an important aspect of labor relations. If the employees struggle to find enough time to spend with their relatives and friends, their mental health could be damaged. Even if the employees get higher salaries for their extra work loads, they may not be satisfied if they fail to get time to spend with their beloved ones. Physical needs as well as psychological needs of the employees are important in maintaining better labor relations by the employers. â€Å"American labor unions, taken... Unions and labor relations Trade unions are organizations to protect the interests of the working class. In other words trade unions always work for the betterment of the whole employees rather than the betterment of any individual employees. However, in some particular situations trade unions may work for the individual interests also. For example, if an employee was fired unnecessarily by the employer, trade unions may come for the rescue of that employee. â€Å"The labor relation process includes recognition of the legitimate right and responsibilities of union and management†. Better Employee-employer relations or labor relations is important for the smooth functioning of an organization In a troubled organization, employees may not deliver their bests and as a result of that the productivity and the efficiency of the organization may come down. This paper analyses the effect of changes in employee relations strategies, policies, and practices on organizational performance and the relevance of trade unions in America at present. Trade unions are organizations which argue for the rights of the workers and better labor relations from the employers. Current workplaces consist of extremely diverse workforce and the needs of the diverse employees could be different. Employers should help employees to meet their physical as well as mental needs in order to maintain better labor relations. Trade unions are losing grounds in America at present because of the better treatment American employees receive from their employers.

The Importance of the Tutor in The Flies :: Lord Flies Essays

The Importance of the Tutor in The Flies In Jean -Paul Sarte's play, "The Flies", the main character Orestes manages to lift a curse that has plagued the dwellers of Argos for decades. Both the current king of Argos and Zeus himself are perpetuating this curse for as long as possible for the curse keeps the people subservient and in a state of mourning and terror of their own actions; two things that both the king and Zeus favor in their rule over people. Orestes was actually a resident of Argos and is the first child of the Queen Mother and the dead king. He returns to Argos with a traveling companion, the Tutor, who used to be the child's teacher in the ways of the world. Now the man is Orestes' slave and close advisor. Orestes' stance towards the Tutor and their past relationship essentially effects his ability to break the curse in Argos. In a completely literary sense he was both a counselor for Orestes and a sort of Narrator to fill in holes in dialogue and the story line. Orestes' background was the foundation for his decision-making in this play and Sartre had to find a way to let the audience know what this background was, not only for a linear and complete plot, but also as a testament to the thoughts themselves. The Tutor completed his role in both senses, tying the plot together at the beginning and the very end, and also moving the story along with gifts of advice and observations to Orestes. He almost in a sense doesn't belong in the play. He is a complete contrast to all of the other characters other than maybe Orestes himself. And yet he seems to be a part of Orestes, like his conscious, his voice of reason in this whole tribulation. As a character, the Tutor is much more complicated than one might assume upon first glance. The Tutor as a person was fairly simple in his wisdom and ideas. He had no delusions, no emotional or religious ties, and no 'truth' other than simple and deductive logic. As for personality traits, he was a skeptic, an atheist, and help a kind of detachment from the world and it's people. He is an admitted skeptic of the world, telling Orestes that he had "been trained in skeptic irony" (61).

Looking for Alibrandi Sumary

chapter 29 summary Josie at speech night. Speech night was a very emotional night, the HSC was almost over and it would be the last time that they would be wearing their uniform. â€Å"I’m only Dux because I didn’t want you to be† she told me. When josie went to the ladies she bumps into Ivy and they start to talk to each other about how close they were to john and that they didn’t know what could have caused him to commit suicide, in the end Josie and Ivy hug each other and Josie tells Ivy that if they ever go to the same university that if they bumped into each other they would go out for a cappuccino.In this chapter we get to see that Ivy and Josie can get along when they choose to be and even though they had there ups and downs they still ended up as good friends, just the way that john hoped it would be like. chapter 28 summary Josie is hit with a shocking surprise.When Josie went to school the next day she sees Ivy sitting on the stairs holding her h ead in her hands and Josie asks her what was wrong then Ivy tells her that John was dead but Josie thought that it was a joke when Ivy told her but then when she saw anna come up to her and hold her in her arms and say that she was very sorry josie had to go to the ladies room and she vomited and then when she was done she fell to the ground and she felt like she wanted to cry but she couldn’t because she was so angry. â€Å"he killed himself. â€Å"He swallowed tablets and they found him this morning. † â€Å"For God’s sake, josie, he’s dead, my father wrote the fucking autopsy report. † In this chapter we get to see that josie and ivy have so much in common because they both loved john and they both cared about him so much, we also get to see that josie has a lot of fear in her because she is to scared to die and she never wants her family to die because she loves them so much. chapter 27 summary Josie goes to watch her cousin robert play at his rugby union game.While at the game josie bumps into john who was also watching the game and asks josie what she was doing at the game, she said that she bribed her cousin because if she went to his game he had to take her to the St. Anthony’s graduation. â€Å"Oh yes, where only the privileged can attend. I promised Ivy when we were about twelve I think. † In this chapter we get to see that josie and john get along very well and that they both like each other but they were both to shy to tell each other that they did when they were younger. chapter 26 summaryJosie forgives her grandmother for doing what she did over thirty years ago. â€Å"your grandfather francesco treated me like one of his farm animals. † Josie and her friends were going to go to Anna’s to do some last minute studying for the HSC but when the bus came Josie say’d to her friends that she would miss out and instead she went to her grandmothers house. When Josie got to her grandmo thers house she gave her the biggest hug she has ever given and she cried her guts out, when they sat down in the living room Josie asks why?And then her grandmother tells her more of what happened and because of that she starts to resent her nonno a bit because of what he did to nonna katia. In this chapter Josie learns that her grandmother had dreams like her and that she did what she did because she was angry with francesco and only him because he had left her alone for so long. chapter 25 summary Josie  and her family celebrate her mothers birthday. Josie lets her mother go to her cousins house and stays at her grandmothers house and then she blows her top off at her grandma and finds out that marcus sandford is her mother’s father and not her nonno.In this chapter we get to see that Josie dislikes her grandmother for doing what she did and she has been telling her that australians are bad and she should go out with an italian man instead. chapter 24 summary Jacob wants to meet Josie's grandmother. When Josie and Jacob are walking down the stairs she sees her grandmother and Jacob tells Josie that he wants to meet her because he thought it would be nice but Josie repeatedly says no because she has just earned her grandmothers trust again and she doesn't want to lose that. â€Å"My grandmother wouldn't understand, jacob. give it time. he was brought up in a different time and place . i know it's hard enough for you to understand. It's hard enough for me. † In this chapter we get to see that Josie feels kind of ashamed of her grandmother because her grandmother always to carry on with her family tradition. we also get to see that Josie and Jacob don't always have the right things to say to each other. chapter 23 summary Josie gets to understand her grandmother more than she has ever before. Josie learns that her grandmother was a very lonely person when she moved to australia because nonno had to work and he worked on the cain farms when they lived in Queensland. He came to see me though. he said that it would his heart if i would leave. i could see it in his eyes. but if i stayed i knew i would break my heart. † In this chapter we get to see Josie and her grandmother really close to each other, we also get to see that Josie is interested in what her grandmothers life was like when she first moved to Australia. chapter 22 summary Josie and her mum have a splurge day. they decided to go to one of the harbourside restaurants and although the weather was cool, it wasn't wet enough to ruin the view. â€Å"he's ultra cool, you know.Not cool as though he drives a sports car and dresses trendy, but he's a cool guy, he's up front. No bull. † â€Å"take things slowly, and they will work out. † this chapter reveal that christina was treated very badly by her father when she was pregnant and even before that, he called her every name under the sun, a tramp, a slut. he even hit me across the face and even hit my mother. chapter 21 summary Josie goes to the movies with John Barton to see Macbeth. While at the movies they bump into Jacob and he tries to have a go at John because Josie and Jacob are going out, but in Jacobs eyes that s not what it looks like. Well,, for your information, Miss Intellectual, we're studying Macbeth at school and that's what i'm going to see tonight,so never ever presume what i like and what i don't like. † In this chapter we get to see that Jacob gets jealous when Josie goes out with other friends that are boys, we also get to see that they both can get pissed of very easily with each other. if Josie had the option to go out with John and not Jacob she would but the only thing from stopping her is that he isn't that fun as Jacob but he shares so many things in  common with Josie and Jacob doesn't. chapter 20 summaryJosie is put in charge of keeping an eye on he little students at St Martha's on their annual Walk-a-thon that they have every year to celebr ate St Martha's day. While Josie is supposed to be looking after the slow people she instead goes with her friends to see Trey Hancock at the Sebel Town House. The next day Sister  Louise calls the girls into her office but dismisses three of them and tells Josie to stay behind. â€Å"Ivy doesn't have â€Å"one offs†. She's   responsible from the moment she walks into school till the moment she walks out. † â€Å"You were voted school captain but i gave the job to Ivy because she'd do a better job. In this chapter we find out that Josie was supposed to be school captain instead of Ivy, we also learn that Josie loves to do what her friends do and that she and her friends are trend setters for all the little people of St Martha's. chapter 19 summary Tomato Day! Josie and her family have a tradition that they have to make their own pasta and sauce to go with it, this is when the whole tomato thing comes into place every year on a specific day all the family comes tog ether and they pick tomatoes for the sauce, they squash them by hand and then cook them and then squash them again and then cook them one last time.Robert and I call this day â€Å"Wog day† or â€Å"National Wog day†. Nonna and Zia started to tell the story about Marcus Sandford and how he helped them with the garden while the men where at camp. â€Å"I thought that maybe by spoke to someone they would feel sorry for us and send us back one man. Maybe all our husbands. † This chapter reveals that Josie and her family get on very well when they aren’t fighting and telling others what to do and how to do it, we also get to see that Josie’s family loves to carry out tradition. chapter 18 summaryJacob surprises Josie by getting a car so they can go places instead of having to ride on his motorbike. â€Å"Tons of things ,† I said excited. â€Å"We could form a company. I’d be the theory part of the business and you’d be the practic al. † This chapter reveals that Josie believes that she can have a wonderful life with Jacob but at the same time she doesn’t as well because she doesn’t believe that she has chosen the right man for her. chapter 17 summary Josie gets to know her father more than ever over the holiday that they had together in Adelaide. â€Å"You sound like Mama†, I said, standing up through the sunroof.Josie enjoys the time that she spends with her father in Adelaide and meeting the rest of her family for the first time in seventeen years. This chapter reveals that Josie likes being with her father because she feels like she has known him for her whole entire life. When Josie gets back she sees Jacob on Saturday night and he tells her never to leave him again. chapter 16 summary Josie wags school on friday to go on a date with Jacob Coote. He leaned over and kissed me quickly. â€Å"what was that for? † i asked, embarrassed, but laughing. â€Å"I like the way you talk, I like the way you think. So much passion behind those bifocalled eyes.So much to say†. This chapter reveals that Josie is really opening up to Jacob and letting him into her life, and the same thing goes for Jacob he is letting Josie into his life and telling each other what they have done and what their families are like. chapter 15 summary Josie goes out with the girls to darling harbour after school, at the cafe` they see Jacob, Anton and four of their friends cramp themselves in to the booth behind them much to the dismay of Anna and Josie. â€Å"Listen, we’ll start over again, Okay, I looked into his clear green eyes which always seemed so warm and sincere no matter how bad he looked at times†.Eyes, my mother told me, never lie. This chapter reveals that Josie starts to like Jacob again even though he treated her like he did on their date to the movies. when Josie gives Jacob a second chance he asks her to wag school with him so they could go out on a proper date. chapter 14 summary Josie meets up with John barton again and give each other their pieces of paper with their emotions written on it. John talks to Josie about the fact that his father hates him at the moment just because he didn’t win the maths competition. My father was home when i got there this afternoon . Went through my mail. He owns m y life so of course he is entitled to open my mail,† he spat out bitterly. after John finishes telling Josie about what his father think s about him at the moment they decide to talk about the HSC and that they have to write what they are feeling at the moment and then they have to give it to someone else and then after the HSC the person that they gave the note has to ask them how they are feeling and read out what they felt before the test.In this chapter we are shown Josie’s feelings for John Barton again, we are also shown that Josie cares about what John does with his life and tries to help him with his pro blems. chapter 13 summary Josie goes out on a date with Jacob Coote but ends up spending the night with her father Michael Andretti. â€Å"Just because you had to meet my mother, you went and acted like a prick. Why? † â€Å"Okay, this is my proposition. How about you come work for me at the chamber? You can do photocopying and help the secretaries,† he suggested.Josie starts to dislike Jacob Coote because he was being a snob to her and her mother when he came to pick her up so they could go to the movies, when they got to the movies they started to have a fight and then Josie ran off and hid in one of the arcades and when she thought the cost was clear she ran out of the movies and started to walk home when she was being followed by a car, when it pulled up next to her she shouted at the driver saying that her father was a police officer and the person driving said actually he’s a Barrister, Josie jumps in the car and has dinner with Michael Andretti at a pizza place on Glebe point road.In this chapter we get to see a father, daughter relationship build and start to get strong we also get to see Josie’s true feelings towards her father, she feels that she wants to know him more but at the same time she doesn’t want to because what he did to her mother over seventeen years ago. chapter 12 summary Josie ask’s her grandmother to show her the photos of when she was young and her past. â€Å"I regretted it when i saw the look of glee on her face. Because the way Nonna makes my mother feel , I hate making that women happy. † Even hough Josie doesn’t like to make her grandmother happy she still tried to pay attention when she was telling her stories behind all the photos, Josie screeched when her grandmother told her that her first Australian friend was a hunk, but when her grandfather had found out that her grandmother had an aussie over about every day he got jealous and said she was never to see him again. I n this chapter we get to see that Josie tries to be nicer to her grandmother. chapter 11 summary Josie talks to her mum again and ask’s if she can go to the movies on saturday. Is that what all this buttering up has been all about† after telling her mother that she wants to go to the movies with Jacob Coote, her mother says that she will think about it. this chapter reveals that Josie has strong feelings for Jacob Coote more than ever because not only did he protect her after she as hurt by Greg Sims and she liked that he was being a protective person. chapter 10 summary Josie gets raped by Greg Sims and his posy. â€Å"He grabbed me by the front of the uniform and slobbered all over my mouth and i could hear Anna scream and pull me away while the bile rose in my throat†.Jacob Coote comes to comes to Josie’s aid while she is being forced upon by Greg Sims. In this chapter we are shown that not only can Josie be mean and cruel to other people, Jacob Coote c an also be just as mean and cruel to people. When Jacob drops Josie off she tells him that if he wants to go out with   her that he has to meet her mother, Jacob puts up a fight but in the end he gives in and ask’s her out to the movies on saturday night. chapter 9 summary Josie fights with her mum. â€Å"I don't like the fact that you're going out with him again. Josie doesn't like it when her mother leaves her at home alone just so she can go out with a guy, Josie doesn't want her mum to get married because she just wants it too be the two of them until they die. The chapter reveals that Josie loves her mother but she also doesn't want to hurt her by doing the wrong things. Josie has her moments with her mother every now and then, but they usually end up hugging each other or if it doesn't go well they don't talk to each other for a while. chapter 7 summary Josie goes to her grandmothers house because her mum is going out for the night. Oh God, Ma, I have to sleep in the same bed as her. She doesn't shave her legs. † Josie learns a lot about her grandmother that night that she sleeps over, she told Josie that she used to look exactly like her when she was her age, she also told Josie that she was forced to move to Australia with her husband and that meant that she would probably never see her family again. This chapter reveals that Josie starts to develop a stronger relationship with her. chapter 8 summary Josie brakes a girls nose. we are introduced to one of the beautiful girls Carly Bishop â€Å"they were all wogs. hey seem to be ever where,† she snickered. â€Å"I'm just the same as them and I'd appreciate you not going on about wogs every day. It offends me†   In this chapter we get to see a father daughter relationship develop between Josie and Michael Andretti. the chapter reveals that Josie does have feelings for Michael Andretti even though she told him to stay away from he he still came to the rescue when she called. chapter 6 summary Josie meets her father for the second time. â€Å"I don't want her,† he said flatly. oth Josie and Christina had a fight with Michael Andretti, first it was Christina who told Michael that they didn't want anything to do with him, then later on in the day Josie followed him into the lounge room and watched him look at all the photos that her grandmother had all around the place, Josie told him that if he ever hurt her mum that he would be in a lot of trouble. This chapter reveals that Josie feels anger and hatred towards Michael Andretti because he left her mum when she was young and didn't try to contact her since then. chapter 5 summary Josie goes to the regional dance.Jacob Coote gives Josie a ride home on his motor cycle even though Josie knows that if her mum found out that she did she was going to be dead or one of the people in another car saw her and recognized her they would tell her grandmother and she would tell her mother. â€Å"My mother will murder me†. â€Å"she'll find out alright†. this chapter reveals that Josie starts to develop a strong relationship with Jacob Coote. â€Å"do you know that I've been in this country my whole life and I've never spoken to an aboriginal†. chapter 4 summary Josie works with Poison Ivy at the debating night.We are introduced to John Barton. â€Å"To walk into the regional   dance with John Barton would make me the envy of every snob at St Martha's†. This chapter reveals that Josie shows her feeling for just more than one particular boy. she likes to flirt a lot with boys that she hasn't seen for ages or just met. chapter 3 summary Josie hates to go to her grandma's house because its her family ritual only because her mum makes her. We are introduced to Josie's father Michael. â€Å"Michael! my heart began to pound at one hundred miles per hour and I could feel the hairs at the back of my head standing up on end†.This chapter reveals that Josie feels hate towards her grandmother because she sayed that the daughter's behaviour always reflects on how good the mother is. chapter 2 summary Josie speaks about AIDS at the ‘Have A Say Day'. Josephine has friends such as Sera, Lee and Anna, who influence her life greatly. We are introduced to Jacob Coote at the ‘Have A Say Day' â€Å"†¦. If your an outcast with your own kind, you'll never be accepted by anyone†. â€Å"No matter how much I hate Poison Ivy, I want to be in her world†. This chapter shows more about Josie's relationship with her friends and how she deals with her family life.For days I just couldn't help thinking about my father. I felt sick at the idea of meeting him, though at the same   time I desperately wanted to. chapter 1 summary The reader is introduced to the main character and narrator of the story, Josephine Alibrandi. as a reader we find out that Josie goes to St Martha's high school. The narrator is a typical teenager who worrie s about issues such as peer pressure and relationships with others and teachers. â€Å"My biggest problem though, is being at a school dominated by rich people†¦ ho i can't see having a problem in the world† This chapter shows how Josie feels insecure because she is an outsider. My Mother was born here so as far as the Italians were concerned we weren't completely one of them. Yet because my grandparents were born in Italy we weren't completely Australian. Whole Book Summary ‘Looking for Alibrandi’ is a story about a young girl, growing up in Sydney in the nineties. The only side of life to create any hassle is that she is Italian, with an Italian mother, grandmother and father, somewhere, growing up in an Australian world.Throughout the book, she spends her entire year twelve either at her home or at her grandmother’s, school or suburban areas, learning about herself and making friends. The main character, Josephine Alibrandi, or Josie, is a feisty a nd head-strong seventeen year old. She received an English scholarship at the beginning of highschool to go to a strict, Catholic college, St. Martha’s. She is very intelligent academically and can achieve excellent grades when she applies herself. She is also the vice-captain at St. Martha’s to Ivy, an Australian favourite of all, whom she calls Poison Ivy.Most of her friends from primary school didn’t end up there, so she has made new friends, although most of the school is from the rich, Australian side of Sydney. She has only just introduced boys as a major part of her life, mostly involving Jacob Coote from the state school and forming a friendship with John Barton, from the Catholic boy’s school. Josephine was born illegitimately to a seventeen year old Christina Alibrandi. The father, a boy of the same age named Michael Andretti, had to move away to Adelaide with his family before she was born. There was a part of him that knew Christina had gone t hrough with the pregnancy, however he as scared and not prepared for a child. Michael had to come back to Sydney when Josephine was seventeen for his work as a barrister and bumped into Christina at a wedding. Michael Andretti is stern and serious. Even Josephine notes him as â€Å"a worrier†. They have separate lives, he has a good job and a girlfriend. By the end of the story, they have grown close and he had gotten her out of trouble many times, like when she smashed Carly Bishop in the nose with a textbook and when she was wondering the streets alone after she stormed out of her date with Jacob Coote.He begins his life with her by saying that he doesn’t need any ‘complications’ and that it is all going perfectly without an ‘obnoxious creation’. Eventually they get to know each other and Josey works at his law chamber and begins to consider changing her last name to Andretti. Christina Alibrandi, Josie’s mum, is supportive of her dau ghter and has raised her on her own for her whole life, with the occasional help of her mother. Jacob Coote said: â€Å"You [Josephine] come across all tough and fearless while on the inside you’re a softy. She [Christina] comes a across a softy, whereas deep down she’s tough and fearless. Christina can be strong and honest when she needs to be and will do what she thinks is right, like suggesting to her daughter, the first time she met Jacob Coote and he was acting like a pig, that she didn’t think it would be good to let her go out with him again. She also is known to compromise, in letting Josie go out with him after she saw he’d smartened up a bit. She is like Josie, a dreamer. She says herself, â€Å"I wasn’t a rebel Italian [when I had you], I was a naive Italian. † She’d give her very life for her daughter and she loves her mother very much, despite not admitting to it.Katia Alibrandi, known as Nonna to Josie, is the mother of Christina. She felt things too, just as her daughter and grand-daughter; she describes herself as a youth to have been a â€Å"gypsie†. When she was younger and came to Australia with her husband, she was alone in the outback with little knowledge of the language. She had the help of an Australian man, Marcus Sandford, who loved her dearly and would do things for her, seeing as her husband would be away on work. She did not pursue a relationship with him; people were talking as it was. â€Å"People will talk† is the quote that she practically lives by.The Italian community are known to ‘talk’. He came into her house one day and Christina was born nine months later. Marcus was going to take her away where nobody knew them, however, seeing as she’d defied her marriage so much, she at least had to stay with her husband. Her husband had lied to her all of these years, he could not have kids, however they stayed together. Nobody knew about Christinaâ₠¬â„¢s illegitimacy, Katia distanced herself from her because of it, until Josephine figured it out after finally taking interest in her grandmother, and she never told anybody.Katia and Josie develop a good relationship, even though Christina must never know. Katia was strong and has memories, even though she is old-fashioned, just like how she would never accustom herself to Josie’s Australian boyfriend, who she has no knowledge of. Jacob Coote is the captain of Cook State Highschool. He is â€Å"deep and meaningful when he wants to be† in the words of Josie. He is with the ‘in’ crowd at Cook High. He has his pick of the girls and is popular and athletic. Jacob bullied Josephine when she was younger, not her specifically, however that was how life worked.He then falls for her and defends her, he beats Greg Sims when he tries to rape her and his friends, her friend, in the McDonald’s car park where she worked before the law chamber. They go through their fights, however they have high prospects in their relationship by the end of the book. Jacob’s mum died when he was young. It did hurt him, however he tries to move on from it. He does think about it, sometimes, however he is contented in his life otherwise. He now lives with his dad, who drinks a bit, and has an older sister of about 24 years of age with her own family now.Of course he naturally has prejudices against John Barton. John Barton grows up in a prissy world and has all of the doors open to him. He does enjoy it sometimes, however it isn’t really what he wants to do with his life. He is expected to do well; while Jacob and Josie aren’t expected to get far, and he’s prefer that. Ivy Lloyd, or Poison Ivy, decides that she owns him. John does quite like Josephine though. He tries to be diplomatic with things, although he does not want to enter politics as everyone expects him to.By the end of the book, he commits suicide with a drug overdos e right before his year twelve exams. That ruined the story for me, made me cry. Ivy and Josie begin to accept each other, however they are hurt as he was a true friend to them both. I can almost relate to John Barton, not the suicide, however in means of having pressure on him and having to meet expectations. I can understand that, because it is so real. All of these characters are real and this story is only too possible. The Italian Empire, where â€Å"people will talk† is real. It is very humorous actually, because it relates so much to my own life.Illegitimacy being the end of the world, and how gossip can start in one place and everybody know. I understand the gender stereotypes and the important role of religion, in when Katia cannot leave her husband. It is fairly old-fashioned and stubborn, the things that Josie is restricted from doing, however that seriously is life, no doubt about that. You’d have to be there to know it, and I’m there. I’m a l ot like Josephine. I can see how things aren’t fair, however I am able to accept them because decisions are made for me for my own good. Josephine says, â€Å"No way, Mama. If you say no I’ll accept it. I also do think, like Josephine does, that the entire world is crumbling around me and I can be a little inconsiderate at times, accidently of course. I’m learning about myself and growing up, just as she is. Only I’m not in year twelve yet, and I’m not in a leadership role, as much as I like to be a leader. The story is basically about growing up, which can be a challenge in itself, however the main complication is that she is Italian in an Australian world as previously outlined. It creates expectations and a way of life that may have been ethical in Italy, however not so in Australia.Also, the Italians here haven’t modernised with the Italians back there. Things that seem ordinary here just won’t flow with the Italian community, th ings like widows and women with children marrying, and two unmarried people living together, problems that both Katia and Christina face, and that Josephine will too unless she can run from it as she says she will, â€Å"I’ll run one day. Run for my life. I’ll run to be free and think for myself. † There isn’t really a resolution, except that Josie learns to accept who she is.She may still want to run, however, for the time being, she is happy with it. She even says that it will be a part of her forever, her nationality, and even if she dislikes it sometimes it will always make her who she is: â€Å"You can’t hate what you’re a part of. What you are. I resent it most of the time, curse it always, but it will be a part of me till the day I die. † Josie grows up, that is how it all works out. She learns more about the world around her, like the hardships that both her mother and her grandmother went through, and she becomes more aware o f the world around her.A major turning point is after the death of John, she suddenly realises that her life will always be what it is, and her deciding to get along with Ivy is another way of saying that she has gotten more mature, and that she understands. In the story, the way things progress, how relationships develop, and the steps that Josephine takes to grow up, all happen through the things that she encounters. She begins her journey at a public event where every school has to make a speech. Josephine represents her school, as Ivy is too busy talking to the Premier of the entire state.There she meets Jacob Coote and doesn’t really know what to think about him, however he is impressed by his speech on the vote. However, she hardly considers herself interested, despite everyone, including herself, finding him attractive. We then meet her grandmother and get a glimpse of her family life. She sees her father for the first time when he shows up at her grandmother’s house, however they do not converse, as ‘Nonna’ does not know who he is, and he’s only an old neighbour so far. There is inter-school debating and Josie talks to John Barton. He is friendly and Josie gets along with him well.They decide they will see a movie together for school. He would have been her ideal boyfriend. Ivy comes and steals him away, despite the fact that he is reluctant to go with her. He doesn’t get a chance to be with her at the school dance a while afterwards, being caught up with Ivy, seeing as he is in that crowd with her. Josie dances with Jacob Coote, who gives her a lift home on his motorbike, as much as she’d rather not ride on it. She finds out that his mother died when he was younger. He tries to kiss her, however she refuses, they agree that they are from two different worlds and he leaves on good terms with her.Next is Josie’s second encounter with Michael Andretti at her grandmother’s house. She speaks to him after her mother. Everyone is very clear that they want nothing to do with him. It is then that her grandmother realises who is and his relation to the family, at that, she decides she would not want to see him again, however she doesn’t cause a fuss. Josie stays with her mother overnight and learns more about her. She begins to take an interest after realising that her grandmother was a seventeen year old once too.She arrives at school and attends class where she overhears Carly Bishop bagging people of European descent, calling them ‘wogs’ as an insult. Josephine had taken it for years and finally had gotten sick of it. They argued and then Josie hit her with her ‘Concepts of Science’ textbook. She calls Michael Andretti, as he is a barrister to help her, seeing as she’d probably have been expelled and sued. He comes to her rescue, even though they’d agreed to never speak to each other again. On Friday, Josie speaks to Sister Loui se, the headmaster of her school, as scheduled.She realises that she does care and notices that she’s human, despite being a nun. Her mum goes out on a date for the first time. Josie and her grandmother are furious, however her mum has a good time and Josie accepts that. Whilst working at McDonald’s with her friend, Anna, Greg Sims, a boy who teased her as a child, enters with her friends. He would have been rude to her, however police came in to buy something so he leaves her be. They wait for her and Anna in the car park; they are ready to rape them both. Jacob Coote is just passing by with his friend, Anton, and he sees what is appening. He beats the living daylights out of Greg Sims. Anton takes Anna home, and they are quite fond of each other. Jacob takes Josie home. He asks her out, she considers it and decides to ask her mother. He agrees to meet her, only he’d never do that any other time and dislikes the idea. She talks to her mother who agrees to let h er go out with him. Curiosity gets the better of Josephine as she asks her grandmother to see photos and to tell her about her life. She finds out about how she met Marcus Sandford in a post office and he would help her, seeing as she was alone in the country.When her husband found out, he was furious and didn’t want to let her see him anymore. On Saturday, she goes on her date with Jacob. He is a pig to her mother in spite of the fact that he has to meet her. The date lasts ten minutes and she storms out of the cinema complex before even entering the movie. On the long walk home, her father is driving past and picks her up to go and get pizza. He tells her that ignoring her existence won’t make her go away and they begin to develop an understanding relationship. Her mother is not angry, only she isn’t too keen on Jacob Coote.Josie is enjoying her job at Mac Michael and Sons law chamber. Her joy is shattered when she has coffee with John Barton ant they talk abo ut life. He worries, her, saying things like, â€Å"I don’t think I want to live this life anymore, Josie. † She is extremely worried and they decide to write on a piece of paper the way they feel and keep each other’s so that they can read them after graduation. It gives him a little hope, however she is still extremely concerned. Josephine talks with her friends and tells them that she’d like to be a barrister when she grows up.Jacob Coote asks her out on another date. They decide they will wag school for it, not that she’d have ever dreamed of doing so in a million years. There won’t be any mother-meeting this time. They have a wonderful time and share in their first passionate kiss. On the mid-term holidays, Jacob gets a car. Her mum is supportive of them being together. There is the St. Martha’s Walk-a-thon. Josie leaves with her friends and is in major trouble with Sister Louise because it meant that the little kids were unsuper vised. She goes to see that movie with John and Jacob sees them there.They argue but they get over it. A couple of weeks later she is at his house for the first time. He would have liked to have sex with her, and she refuses it. After some conversation he accepts it. She finds out about Marcus Sandford being her real grandfather and promises not to tell if her grandmother accepts Michael Andretti. She talks to John Barton and he is cheery and happy and the day later at her year twelve exams she finds Ivy crying that he had killed himself. It is sad. She reads the note he wrote earlier that year and realises that it was what he wanted to do.She attends the funeral. Jacob was also torn up; he was taking it harder than Josephine. He felt had something in common with John, somewhere, and he’d experienced death before and this probably reminded him of his mum. Only now I realise that he was happy because he knew he would do it. He even said only the day beforehand, â€Å"Iâ€℠¢ve got my whole future planned out the way I want it to be and there is nothing anyone can do to take that away from me. † It is sad, but also a good thing in a sense. It is what he wanted. I think Josephine learns to accept it a little at the end.At the beginning of this book review, I though the ending was ridiculous and too sad. Now I understand more that it was really what John Barton wanted to do, kill himself. He was really looking forward to being able to run free, just like Josephine always said she’d wanted to do, even if that meant death for him. I like the ending, now I do. I now like that there was a challenge in figuring that out. Besides that, I liked that Jacob and Josephine ended up having a caring relationship and that they became incredibly happy. I like happily ever afters.Throughout the book, I enjoyed that they were always able to become friends again after a fight. It made the book a lot more exciting. I also enjoyed how the book exhibits how rela tionships developed throughout the novel. It was interesting to read about the way emotions develop between characters, specifically Josephine and her father. It was thrilling to read how they learn things about each other and accept each other in their lives, and the way that the Alibrandi’s become comfortable with him. It is also good to see how Josie takes interest in her grandmother and she can confide in her.I’d change the time she spends with her friends. I’d like them to have played a more prominent role, or not be included in the story, as they add little to the plot. It would’ve made me happy if she did not skip school. It just ruined a little of the part of her that I though resembled myself. I thought I’d have liked to change that John died. I now would not change that, it adds an important lesson for Josephine to learn on her journey of growing up. Death is something she had to learn to accept. However it could be in the blurb, it would ruin the story a little, although a warning would be nice for the light-hearted.I’d have liked if Melina Marchetta would elaborate more and explain how he saw his death was ‘running free’. I wouldn’t have understood if I hadn’t written this essay. I learnt more about death from reading this. That pretty much sums it up. I never saw suicide as a relief or an escape, although it apparently can be. I picked up on a few facts that I’d have found in a history book, they were another factor that kept me engrossed in reading. This would be a good book for somebody of European descent. It made it highly enjoyable for me as so much is only too true.It could possibly be aimed at someone a little older than myself, somebody who certainly has the insight to deal with suicide and not let it get to them. It has to be taken maturely, so possibly it would be a good story for the sixteen-and-up age group, however it does matter on the individual. ‘Look ing for Alibrandi’ by Melina Marchetta is an extremely wonderful book, definitely worth reading and re-reading. It gave me a lot, and I can understand why people made such propaganda about reading it. I rate it ‘I