American Poet Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

American Poet Mrs. Glasser and Mrs. Rau have a lot in common. They're both English teachers and they both work at Sachem North. They are also married with no kids. But that's where the similarities stop. They have different opinions and different likes and dislikes. Mrs. Glasser was born on February 21 in Smithtown. Her first name is Diane and She's an Aquarius. She is the youngest out of 3 children in her family. She's not really sure of her favorite color. She likes the group Destinies Child and her favorite movie over the summer was what lies beneath. She loves junk food and anything salty. In school her favorite subjects were Math and English. As a cheerleader she entered many competitions. Her favorite room in her home is the living room because she knows all her work is done and she can relax. The saddest time in her life was when her parents died and the happiest was when she got married. She has no kids, but she's got 2 cats. Her goal in life is to be successful. She's attracted to people with a positive attitude on life. If she could change anything about herself, she would be more spontaneous. Mrs. Rau was born on January 24 in Brooklyn. Like Mrs. Glasser, Mrs. Rau is also an Aquarius. She's the oldest of 3 children in her family. Her favorite colors are red, yellow, and purple because they are bright happy colors. The kind of music she likes is rhythm and blues, but she hates rap. Her Favorite movies are Silent Storm, Little Shop of Horrors, and Ace Ventura. These movies are funny and make her laugh. She likes Italian foods and foods with spices. She doesn't like desserts though. She enjoys reading, running, weight lifting, gardening, landscaping, and boating. Her favorite rooms in her home are the living room and the work out room. The saddest moment of her life is when her younger cousin died. Her goal in life is to teach English. She hopes to retire someday and move to a roomy house near water. If she could change anything about herself it would be her height because she is too small. She likes people who are responsible and hates people who use and take advantage of o ther people. Mrs. Glasser and Mrs. Rau have a lot in common. The difference is that they have certain likes and dislikes. Poetry and Poets

Cherokee Tribes essays

Cherokee Tribes essays The Cherokee Indians were one of the civilized tribes in the United States. They were located in the southeastern part of the U.S. This includes the western parts of North and South Carolina, The northern parts of Alabama and Georgia, Southwest Virginia and the Cumberland basin of Tennessee. It appears the Cherokee settled in 1000 A.D. to 1500 A.D. Their development took place in to stages or phases. The Pisgah which took place 1300 A.D. to 1540 A.D. and the Qualla which took place 1540 A.D. to 1750 A.D. The first period was primitive and the second was influenced by European contact. They were a large tribe that was part of the Iroquian language group even though their language is very different. Despite this the Cherokee developed written language due to contact with the white men. They were very interested in learning the white men ways. Although there is a lot written about the Cherokee and Europeans, the focus here will be Cherokee life including daily life, marriage, governmen t, and war. Cherokee villages consisted of groups of relatives that included members of at least four clans. They grew crops outside their villages. There were also some fields inside the villages. Each family had a marked section of the field. Both men and women helped in farming every section. As with many tribes the men were responsible for hunting, fishing, building houses and council lodges, made important decisions, performed religious ceremonies, trained young boys and defended the village. The Cherokee women were responsible for the home, raising the children, helping in the fields, preparing and gathering food, washing and making clothes, and making baskets and pottery. Even though The Cherokee were a matrilineal society only certain women were allowed to have input in council decisions. The Cherokee had many rules and regulations to live by and since they have a strong sense of tradition these rules were not challenged until they came into c...

Economics of State and Local Governments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Economics of State and Local Governments - Essay Example Migration of individuals is not frequent since people are strongly attached to their jobs, family, friends and homes, and hence they tend to remain in their recent states. This paper will discuss whether taxes and economic incentives affect business and personal mobility decisions and how effective state economic incentives are. Taxes and economic incentives affect businesses in different ways. In certain ways, taxes and economic incentives affect the businesses positively but in other ways affect businesses negatively. However, the particular effects to businesses depend on the type and form of the taxes and the economic incentives and how deep they touch on the businesses. This is because the taxes and economic incentives are of different nature and affect businesses differently in terms of the size of business and the sector that they operate in. From the executive summary of the research on Tax Flight by Robert Tannenwald, tax increase has a very small effect on the migration of households and therefore any state that would increase taxes can be guaranteed of a considerable gain in revenue. In the report, people mostly migrate when they find cheaper housing facilities and not when taxes are lowered. The difference in housing between two states is usually higher than the difference in taxes and therefore it may seem as if one moves from a state to the other to find a place with lower taxes but in real sense they move due to cheaper housing (Tannenwald, 1). According to recent research, an increase in income tax barely causes any movement from one state to another both for individuals and businesses. Economic incentives are not the core factors that influence the decision of location of businesses. The decisions mostly depend on market aspects and the quality-of-life aspects. Also, the availability of raw materials for a business does influence the location of the business.

Music from Baroque to Romantic Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music from Baroque to Romantic Period - Essay Example Classical music is a category of music composed and produced in and embedded in the traditions of the western practices and secular music. In addition it is characterized by the use of wind instruments. This period led to the growth of a variety of presentation and style, Piano as the primary keyboard instrument and types of music composition. Music writing on chambers became more common and involved many performers like 8-10, Opera become recognized in countries such as Italy, France and Germany speaking states and humorist opera became common. Major composers during this period were Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven, Clive, Peter. †¨Mozart was classic music composer, conductor and violinist and music teacher between 1719 -1787.Beethoven was a music composer and pianist from Germany and an influential composer world wide. Initially he was not a composer as he spent most of his time playing the piano and violin under the assistance of Joseph Hayden who was an Austrian most famous and creative music composer from 1732-1809 of classic rhymes especially in courts where he sang for rich Hungarians. Due to his significant role he was commonly called father of symphony and string quartet. Further, he was influential in the growth of piano trio and growth of sonata form, Clive, P. Romantic music was distinguished by melody and rhythm, expressive and emotional aspects. In the 19th century it was commonly referred as the period of the period of classical music in Europe since it is the era when Ludwig wrote his Erotic Symphony.

Wirless Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wirless - Essay Example As cell phones are easier than laptops to lug around, it becomes convenient for cell phone owners to check their emails from their cell phones. Text messages, video camera and other applications that cell phones offer today, I believe, are not as important as the previous needs. However, I consider text messages to be more significant than the video camera and other features. They are useful in passing information to others quickly, or to remind them about the schedule or location of a meeting, especially when one cannot make a call, due to any network or other issues. Cell phones will, soon, come equipped with more devices and applications making them more beneficial, and this might result in some health hazards to people. However, that is not a proven fact. While comparing AT&T, T-MOBILE, VERIZON and SPRINT some of the biggest cell phone service providing companies, it was discovered that all of them have some advantages and disadvantages. We found that SPRINT has the best coverage in the Chicago area, but SPRINT also is the most expensive as compared to other service providers. AT&T, which I use right now, is almost identical to VERIZON. These two companies have a very close competition. However, AT&T is winning right now because of the deal they have with Apple regarding their product, the iPhone. The iPhone is very popular with the customers, and because there are new people buying iPhone everyday, new customers are constantly coming to AT&T for cell phone services. However, the coverage both companies offer is not as excellent as SPRINT, although it is still good, moreover, the rates of both are quite high too. T-MOBILE has average coverage and their rates are not too high either; it does not cost a lot, but the coverage is not ver y excellent either. My recommendation is that the choice should be made depending on the desire of the consumer. The

The History of the Clock

The History of the Clock The history of clocks is very long, and there have been many different types of clocks over the centuries. Not all historians agree on the history of the clock. The word clock was first used in the 14th century (about 700 years ago). It comes from the word for bell in Latin (clocca). Using the Sun The first way that people could tell the time was by looking at the sun as it crossed the sky. When the sun was directly overhead in the sky, it was the middle of the day, or noon. When the sun was close to the horizon, it was either early morning (sunrise) or early evening (sunset). Telling the time was not very accurate. Sundial Clocks The oldest type of clock is a sundial clock, also called a sun clock. They were first used around 3,500 B.C. (about 5,500 years ago). Sundials use the sun to tell the time. The shadow of the sun points to a number on a circular disk that shows you the time. In the big picture below on the right, the shadow created by the sun points to 9, so it is nine oclock. Since sundials depend on the sun, they can only be used to tell the time during the day. Water Clocks Around 1400 B.C. (about 3,400 years ago), water clocks were invented in Egypt. The name for a water clock is clepsydra (pronounced KLEP-suh-druh). A water clock was made of two containers of water, one higher than the other. Water traveled from the higher container to the lower container through a tube connecting the containers. The containers had marks showing the water level, and the marks told the time. Water clocks were very popular in Greece, where they were improved many times over the years. Look at the picture below. Water drips from the higher container to the lower container. As the water level rises in the lower container, it raises the float on the surface of the water. The float is connected to a stick with notches, and as the stick rises, the notches turn a gear, which moves the hand that points to the time. Water clocks worked better than sundials because they told the time at night as well as during the day. They were also more accurate than sundials. Dividing the Year into Months and Days The Greeks divided the year into twelve parts that are called months. They divided each month into thirty parts that are called days. Their year had a total of 360 days, or 12 times 30 (12 x 30 = 360). Since the Earth goes around the Sun in one year and follows an almost circular path, the Greeks decided to divide the circle into 360 degrees. Dividing the Day into Hours, Minutes, and Seconds The Egyptians and Babylonians decided to divide the day from sunrise to sunset into twelve parts that are called hours. They also divided the night, the time from sunset to sunrise, into twelve hours. But the day and the night are not the same length, and the length of the day and night also changes through the year. This system of measuring the time was not very accurate because the length of an hour changed depending on the time of year. This meant that water clocks had to be adjusted every day. Somebody finally figured out that by dividing the whole day into 24 hours of equal length (12 hours of the day plus 12 hours of the night), the time could be measured much more accurately. Why was the day and night divided into 12 parts? Twelve is about the number of moon cycles in a year, so it is a special number in many cultures. The hour is divided into 60 minutes, and each minute is divided into 60 seconds. The idea of dividing the hour and minute into 60 parts comes from the Sumerian sexagesimal system, which is based on the number 60. This system was developed about 4,000 years ago. Pendulum Clocks Before pendulum clocks were invented, Peter Henlein of Germany invented a spring-powered clock around 1510. It was not very precise. The first clock with a minute hand was invented by Jost Burgi in 1577. It also had problems. The first practical clock was driven by a pendulum. It was developed by Christian Huygens around 1656. By 1600, the pendulum clock also had a minute hand.http://www.arcytech.org/java/clock/images/pendulum2.gif The pendulum swings left and right, and as it swings, it turns a wheel with teeth (see the picture to the right). The turning wheel turns the hour and minute hands on the clock. On the first pendulum clocks, the pendulum used to swing a lot (about 50 degrees). As pendulum clocks were improved, the pendulum swung a lot less (about 10 to 15 degrees). One problem with pendulum clocks is that they stopped running after a while and had to be restarted. The first pendulum clock with external batteries was developed around 1840. By 1906, the batteries were inside the clock. http://www.arcytech.org/java/clock/images/pendulum_mechs3.gif As you already learned, a clock only shows 12 hours at a time, and the hour hand must go around the clock twice to measure 24 hours, or a complete day. To tell the first 12 hours of the day (from midnight to noon) apart from the second 12 hours of the day (from noon to midnight), we use these terms: A.M.Ante meridiem, from the Latin for before noon P.M. Post meridiem, from the Latin for after noon Quartz Crystal Clocks Quartz is a type of crystal that looks like glass. When you apply voltage, or electricity, and pressure, the quartz crystal vibrates or oscillates at a very constant frequency or rate. The vibration moves the clocks hands very precisely. Quartz crystal clocks were invented in 1920. Time Zones Because the Earth turns, it is daytime in part of the world when it is nighttime on the other side of the world. In 1884, delegates from 25 countries met and agreed to divide the world into time zones. If you draw a line around the middle of the Earth, it is a circle (equator). The delegates divided the 360 degrees of the circle into 24 zones, each 15 degrees (24 x 15 = 360). They decided to start counting from Greenwich (pronounced GREN-ich), England, which is 0 degrees longitude. In the continental United States, there are four time zones: Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific. Each time zone varies by one hour, so when it is 7 p.m. in the Eastern time zone, it is 6 p.m. in the Central time zone, 5 p.m. in the Mountain time zone, and 4 p.m. in the Pacific time zone. Time Time, a central theme in modern life, has for most of human history been thought of in very imprecise terms. The day and the week are easily recognized and recorded though an accurate calendar for the year is hard to achieve. The forenoon is easily distinguishable from the afternoon, provided the sun is shining, and the position of the sun in the landscape can reveal roughly how much of the day has passed. By contrast the smaller parcels of time hours, minutes and seconds have until recent centuries been both unmeasurable and unneeded. Sundial and water clock: from the 2nd millennium BC The movement of the sun through the sky makes possible a simple estimate of time, from the length and position of a shadow cast by a vertical stick. (It also makes possible more elaborate calculations, as in the attempt of Erathosthenes to measure the world see Erathosthenes and the camels). If marks are made where the suns shadow falls, the time of day can be recorded in a consistent manner. The result is the sundial. An Egyptian example survives from about 800 BC, but the principle is certainly familiar to astronomers very much earlier. However it is difficult to measure time precisely on a sundial, because the suns path throug the sky changes with the seasons. Early attempts at precision in time-keeping rely on a different principle. The water clock, known from a Greek word as the clepsydra, attempts to measure time by the amount of water which drips from a tank. This would be a reliable form of clock if the flow of water could be perfectly controlled. In practice it cannot. The clepsydra has an honourable history from perhaps 1400 BC in Egypt, through Greece and Rome and the Arab civlizations and China, and even up to the 16th century in Europe. But it is more of a toy than a timepiece. The hourglass, using sand on the same principle, has an even longer career. It is a standard feature on 18th-century pulpits in Britain, ensuring a sermon of sufficient length. In a reduced form it can still be found timing an egg. A tower clock in China: AD 1094 After six years work, a Buddhist monk by the name of Su Song completes a great tower, some thirty feet high, which is designed to reveal the movement of the stars and the hours of the day. Figures pop out of doors and strike bells to signify the hours. The power comes from a water wheel occupying the lower part of the tower. Su Song has designed a device which stops the water wheel except for a brief spell, once every quarter of an hour, when the weight of the water (accumulated in vessels on the rim) is sufficient to trip a mechanism. The wheel, lurching forward, drives the machinery of the tower to the next stationary point in a continuing cycle. This device (which in Su Sungs tower must feel like a minor earthquake every time it slams the machinery into action) is an early example of an escapement a concept essential to mechanical clockwork. In any form of clock based on machinery, power must be delivered to the mechanism in intermittent bursts which can be precisely regulated. The rationing of power is the function of the escapement. The real birth of mechanical clockwork awaits a reliable version, developed in Europe in the 13th century. Meanwhile Su Sungs tower clock, ready for inspection by the emperor in 1094, is destroyed shortly afterwards by marauding barbarians from the north. Clockwork in Europe: 13th 14th century AD Europe at the end of the Middle Ages is busy trying to capture time. The underlying aim is as much astronomical (to reflect the movement of the heavenly bodies) as it is to do with the more mundane task of measuring everybodys day. But the attraction of that achievement is recognized too. A textbook on astronomy, written by Robert the Englishman in 1271, says that clockmakers are trying to make a wheel which will make one complete revolution in each day, but that they cannot quite perfect their work. What prevents them even beginning to perfect their work is the lack of an escapement. But a practical version of this dates from only a few years later. A working escapement is invented in about 1275. The process allows a toothed wheel to turn, one tooth at a time, by successive teeth catching against knobs projecting from an upright rod which oscillates back and forth. The speed of its oscillation is regulated by a horizontal bar (known as a foliot) attached to the top of the rod. The time taken in the foliots swing can be regulated by moving weights in or out on each arm. The function of the foliot is the same as that of the pendulum in modern clocks, but it is less efficient in that gravity is not helping it to oscillate. A very heavy weight is needed to power the clock, involving massive machinery and much friction. Nevertheless the foliot works to a degree acceptable at the time (a clock in the Middle Ages is counted a good timekeeper if it loses or gains only a quarter of an hour a day), and in the 14th century there are increasingly frequent references to clocks in European cities. A particularly elaborate one is built between 1348 and 1364 in Padua by Giovanni de Dondi, a professor of astronomy at the university who writes a detailed description of his clock. A 14th-century manuscript of his text has the earliest illustration of a clock mechanism with its escapement. The worlds three oldest surviving examples of clockwork date from the last years of the 14th century. The famous clock in Salisbury cathedral, installed by 1386 and still working today with its original mechanism, is a very plain piece of machinery. It has no face, being designed only to strike the hours. Striking is the main function of all early clocks (the word has links with the French cloche, meaning bell). In 1389 a great clock is installed above a bridge spanning a street in Rouen. It remains one of the famous sights of the city, though its glorious gilded dial is a later addition and its foliot has been replaced by a pendulum (in 1713). The historical distinction of the Rouen clock is that it is the first machine designed to strike the quarter-hours. In 1392 the bishop of Wells instals a clock in his cathedral. The bishop has previously been in Salisbury, and the same engineer seems to have made the new clock. It not only strikes the quarters. It steals a march on Rouen by having a dial, showing the movement of astronomical bodies. With escapements, chiming mechanisms and dials, clocks are now set to evolve into their more familiar selves. And the telling of time soon alters peoples perceptions of time itself. Hours, minutes and seconds are units which only come into existence as the ability to measure them develops. Domestic clocks: 15th century AD After the success of the clocks in Europes cathedrals in the late 14th century, and the introduction of the clock face in places such as Wells, kings and nobles naturally want this impressive technology at home. The first domestic clocks, in the early 15th century, are miniature versions of the cathedral clocks powered by hanging weights, regulated by escapements with a foliot, and showing the time to the great mans family and household by means of a single hand working its way round a 12-hour circuit on the clocks face. But before the middle of the 15th century a development of great significance occurs, in the form of a spring-driven mechanism. The earliest surviving spring-driven clock, now in the Science Museum in London, dates from about 1450. By that time clockmakers have not only discovered how to transmit power to the mechanism from a coiled spring. They have also devised a simple but effective solution to the problem inherent in a coiled spring which steadily loses power as it uncoils. The solution to this is the fusee. The fusee is a cone, bearing a spiral of grooves on its surface, which forms part of the axle driving the wheels of the clock mechanism. The length of gut linking the drum of the spring to the axle is wound round the fusee. It lies on the thinnest part of the cone when the spring is fully wound and reaches its broadest circumference by the time the spring is weak. Increased leverage exactly counteracts decreasing strength. These two devices, eliminating the need for weights, make possible clocks which stand on tables, clocks which can be taken from room to room, even clocks to accompany a traveller in a carriage. Eventually, most significant of all, they make possible the pocket watch. Watches: 16th 17th century AD The first watches, made in Nuremberg from about 1500, are spherical metal objects, about three inches in diameter, designed to hang on a ribbon round the neck. They derive from similar metal spheres used as pomanders, to hold aromatic herbs which will protect the wearer against disease or vile odours. The first watchmakers place their somewhat primitive mechanism inside cases of this sort. A single hand set into a flat section at the base makes its way round a dial marked with the division of twelve hours. For their first century and more, watches are worn outside the clothes and are regarded more as jewels than as useful instruments (a comment also on their timekeeping abilities). The best of them are exquisitely decorated in enamel. The spherical watch of this kind evolves in the late 17th century into the slimmer pocket watch, thanks largely to Christiaan Huygens. This distinguished Dutch physicist makes two important contributions to time-keeping the pendulum clock and the spiral balance spring. The pendulum clock: AD 1656-1657 Christiaan Huygens spends Christmas day, in the Hague in 1656, constructing a model of a clock on a new principle. The principle itself has been observed by Galileo, traditionally as a result of watching a lamp swing to and fro in the cathedral when he is a student in Pisa. Galileo later proves experimentally that a swinging suspended object takes the same time to complete each swing regardless of how far it travels. This consistency prompts Galileo to suggest that a pendulum might be useful in clocks. But no one has been able to apply that insight, until Huygens finds that his model works. A craftsman in the Hague makes the first full-scale clock on this principle for Huygens in 1657. But it is in England that the idea is taken up with the greatest enthusiasm. By 1600 London clockmakers have already developed the characteristic shape which makes best use of the new mechanism that of the longcase clock, more affectionately known as the grandfather clock. The pocket watch: AD 1675 Nineteen years after making his model of the pendulum clock, Huygens invents a device of equal significance in the development of the watch. It is the spiral balance, also known as the hairspring (an invention also claimed, less convincingly, by Robert Hooke). This very fine spring, coiled flat, controls the speed of oscillation of the balance wheel. For the first time it is possible to make a watch which is reasonably accurate and slim. Both elements are important, for the sober gentlemen of the late 17th century are less inclined than their ancestors to wear jewels round the neck. A watch which will keep the time and slip into a waistcoat pocket is what they require. Thomas Tompion, the greatest of English clock and watchmakers, is one of the first to apply the hairspring successfully in pocket watches (of which his workshop produces more than 6000 in his lifetime). The new accuracy of these instruments prompts an addition to the face of a watch that of the minute hand. The familiar watch face, with two concentric hands moving round a single dial, is at first considered confusing. There are experiments with several other arrangements of the hour and minute hand, before the design which has since been taken for granted is widely accepted. Chronometer: AD 1714-1766 Two centuries of ocean travel, since the first European voyages of discovery, have made it increasingly important for ships captains whether on naval or merchant business to be able to calculate their position accurately in any of the worlds seas. With the help of the simple and ancient astrolabe, the stars will reveal latitude. But on a revolving planet, longitude is harder. You need to know what time it is, before you can discover what place it is. The importance of this is made evident when the British government, in 1714, sets up a Board of Longitude and offers a massive  £20,000 prize to any inventor who can produce a clock capable of keeping accurate time at sea. The terms are demanding. To win the prize a chronometer (a solemnly scientific term for a clock, first used in a document of this year) must be sufficiently accurate to calculate longitude within thirty nautical miles at the end of a journey to the West Indies. This means that in rough seas, damp salty conditions and sudden changes of temperature the instrument must lose or gain not more than three seconds a day a level of accuracy unmatched at this time by the best clocks in the calmest London drawing rooms. The challenge appeals to John Harrison, at the time of the announcement a 21-year-old Lincolnshire carpenter with an interest in clocks. It is nearly sixty years before he wins the money. Luckily he lives long enough to collect it. By 1735 Harrison has built the first chronometer which he believes approaches the necessary standard. Over the next quarter-century he replaces it with three improved models before formally undergoing the governments test. His innovations include bearings which reduce friction, weighted balances interconnected by coiled springs to minimize the effects of movement, and the use of two metals in the balance spring to cope with expansion and contraction caused by changes of temperature. Harrisons first sea clock, in 1735, weighs 72 pounds and is 3 feet in all dimensions. His fourth, in 1759, is more like a watch circular and 5 inches in diameter. It is this machine which undergoes the sea trials. Harrison is now sixty-seven, so his son takes the chronometer on its test journey to Jamaica in 1761. It is five seconds slow at the end of the voyage. The government argues that this may be a fluke and offers Harrison only  £2500. After further trials, and the successful building of a Harrison chronometer by another craftsman (at the huge cost of  £450), the inventor is finally paid the full prize money in 1773. He has proved in 1761 what is possible, but his chronometer is an elaborate and expensive way of achieving the purpose. It is in France, where a large prize is also on offer from the Acadà ©mie des Sciences, that the practical chronometer of the future is developed. The French trial, open to all comers, takes place in 1766 on a voyage from Le Havre in a specially commissioned yacht, the Aurore. The only chronometer ready for the test is designed by Pierre Le Roy. At the end of forty-six days, his machine is accurate to within eight seconds. Le Roys timepiece is larger than Harrisons final model, but it is very much easier to construct. It provides the pattern of the future. With further modifications from various sources over the next two decades, the marine chronometer in its lasting form emerges before the end of the 18th century. Using it in combination with the sextant, explorers travelling the worlds oceans can now bring back accurate information of immense value to the makers of maps and charts. A millennium clock: AD 1746 In 1746 a French clockmaker, Monsieur Passemont (his first name is not known), completes a clock which is almost certainly the first in the world to be able to take account of a new millennium. Its dials can reveal the date of the month in any year up to AD 9999. It is a longcase clock, in an ornate baroque casing which conceals a mechanism consisting of more than 1000 interconnecting wheels and cogs. Their related movements, as they turn at their different speeds with each swing of the pendulum, are designed to cope with the complexities of the Julian calendar. Thus, for example, one large brass wheel has the responsibility of inserting February 29 in each leap year. This particular wheel takes four years to complete a single revolution. When it has come full circle, it pops in the extra day. (M. Passemont decides, however, not to grapple with Gregorian refinements; the absence of February 29 in 1700, 1800 and 1900 has had to be manually achieved.) Louis XV buys the clock in 1749, three years after its completion. It is still ticking away two and a half centuries later in the palace of Versailles. The minutiae of daily time-keeping are also adjusted by hand (the clock loses a minute a month), but Monsieur Passemonts masterpiece requires no assistance in making a significant change in the first digit of its year display from 1 to 2, at midnight on 31 December 1999.

Concentration of Ownership and Decreasing Diversity in Print Media Essa

Concentration of Ownership and Decreasing Diversity in Print Media       For all who love to read books, imagine walking into bookstore after bookstore seeing the same type of books over and over. No variety, no choice, only repetition. Although America prides itself on freedom and democracy more than any nation in the world, this hypothetical situation is becoming increasingly closer to becoming a reality than some may think. Consolidation and concentration of ownership in print media companies may cause for the inability of some people to voice their opinions. What does this mean? This means that the basis of our country, including freedom from the first amendment, maybe be pulled out from under our feet. Causes of this lack of diversity in views and opinions may be linked to the fact that very few but extremely large publishing companies are publishing books and magazines. Conglomerate ownership becoming international will also lead to the lack of American publishing control. Finally, although the Internet supplies an outlet for new opportunit ies and a way of getting diverse information spread throughout the world, not all people are capable of obtaining this information. It was once thought that mass media would reflect very diverse points of view. Now that publishing of books and magazines has reduced to a few large companies, the outlook for diversity is beginning to shrink in size. In 1983, over 50 companies dominated the mass media of the United States. Today, this size has drastically decreased to nine major companies including AOL Time Warner, Disney, Bertelsmann, Viacom, News Corporation, TCI, General Electric, Sony, and Seagram1[1]. By allowing a few large companies to control m... ... Beacon Press 2000, Sixth Edition ed.: xx-xxi. 23 Sept. 2001 . 2[2] "Why Media Mergers Matter." Brill's Content Dec. 1999. 23 Sept. 2001 .       3[3] "The US media: a critical component of the conspiracy against democratic rights-Part 5." Editorial. World Socialist Website 27 Dec. 2000. 24 Sept. 2001 dec2000/med5-d27.shtml>.       4[4] New York Time Square. 23 Sept. 2001 location.asp?ID=New%20York%20Time%20Square>.    5[5] Columbia Journalism Review. 22 Sept. 2001 .    6[6] The Big Picture: Demographics. 21 Sept. 2001 demographics/article/1,1323,5901_768141,00.html>.

Honda (a)

Q1. What’s the strategy that allowed Honda to be so successful in the US market? It is a fact that Honda had experienced a remarkable success during the period from the late 50’s to the end of the 70’s. This success is a result of the strategy the company developed at that stage of its lifecycle. This strategy in principle is a technologically based strategy; where Honda established Honda Technical Research Institute (HTRI) in 1946. In the meantime, Honda developed manufacturing expertise to become fully integrated producer of motorbikes components.In order to minimize the associated risk, Honda offered a multiproduct line, taking leadership in product innovation through the HTRI and exploiting opportunities for economies of mass production by gearing design to production objectives. How is possible that Honda’s many expensive investments lead to lower costs? The company achieved a significant product advantage through a heavy commitment to R&D and advance d manufacturing techniques.Honda used its productivity-based cost advantage and R&D capability to introduce new models to the market very quickly and at prices below those of competitive machines. Over time, Honda had smoothly descending real prices. This price reduction is experience-based which means that as long as more experience is acquired, Honda is capable to develop new methodologies to produce motorcycles at lower cost. This was mainly due to high production volume and improved productivity of the Japanese labor. Q2. How did Honda come to have this strategy?Honda’s strategy was a result of Honda’s underlying philosophy which is a marketing philosophy; i. e. grapping more market share and increasing the sales volume. Selling and Distribution system was a tool to implement this philosophy. What evidence do we have of forethought and planning in the company approach to production? Honda built a manufacturing plant with a capacity 10 times in excess of demand at t he time of construction in 1958. Honda developed manufacturing expertise to become fully integrated producer of motorbikes components.Honda minimized risk through: offering a multiproduct line, taking leadership in product innovation through the HTRI and exploiting opportunities for economies of mass production by gearing design to production objectives. Marketing? In the 1958 Honda’s market research identified a large untapped market segment seeking a small, unintimidating motorcycle that could be used by small motorcycle business for local deliveries. Honda advertizing concerted to change the image of motorcyclist through heavy campaigning towards middle class consumers. Distribution?Honda followed a policy of developing the market region by region beginning with the west coast and moving eastward. Design? Honda designed the lightweight motors to match the market research results. In general, Products are updated or redesigned whenever a market threat or opportunity is perc eived, prices are set at levels to achieve market share targets and will be cut if necessary, effective marketing systems are set up in all markets where serious competition is intended – regardless – of short term cost and finally plans and objectives look to long term payoff.Q3. To what degree was the US entry strategy thought out in advance? Honda was already the world’s largest motorcycle producer. Honda established a US subsidiary and began its push in the market by offering very small lightweight motorcycles. Honda followed a policy of developing the market region by region beginning with the west coast and moving eastward until it established the largest dealership network in the US. Honda (a) Q1. What’s the strategy that allowed Honda to be so successful in the US market? It is a fact that Honda had experienced a remarkable success during the period from the late 50’s to the end of the 70’s. This success is a result of the strategy the company developed at that stage of its lifecycle. This strategy in principle is a technologically based strategy; where Honda established Honda Technical Research Institute (HTRI) in 1946. In the meantime, Honda developed manufacturing expertise to become fully integrated producer of motorbikes components.In order to minimize the associated risk, Honda offered a multiproduct line, taking leadership in product innovation through the HTRI and exploiting opportunities for economies of mass production by gearing design to production objectives. How is possible that Honda’s many expensive investments lead to lower costs? The company achieved a significant product advantage through a heavy commitment to R&D and advance d manufacturing techniques.Honda used its productivity-based cost advantage and R&D capability to introduce new models to the market very quickly and at prices below those of competitive machines. Over time, Honda had smoothly descending real prices. This price reduction is experience-based which means that as long as more experience is acquired, Honda is capable to develop new methodologies to produce motorcycles at lower cost. This was mainly due to high production volume and improved productivity of the Japanese labor. Q2. How did Honda come to have this strategy?Honda’s strategy was a result of Honda’s underlying philosophy which is a marketing philosophy; i. e. grapping more market share and increasing the sales volume. Selling and Distribution system was a tool to implement this philosophy. What evidence do we have of forethought and planning in the company approach to production? Honda built a manufacturing plant with a capacity 10 times in excess of demand at t he time of construction in 1958. Honda developed manufacturing expertise to become fully integrated producer of motorbikes components.Honda minimized risk through: offering a multiproduct line, taking leadership in product innovation through the HTRI and exploiting opportunities for economies of mass production by gearing design to production objectives. Marketing? In the 1958 Honda’s market research identified a large untapped market segment seeking a small, unintimidating motorcycle that could be used by small motorcycle business for local deliveries. Honda advertizing concerted to change the image of motorcyclist through heavy campaigning towards middle class consumers. Distribution?Honda followed a policy of developing the market region by region beginning with the west coast and moving eastward. Design? Honda designed the lightweight motors to match the market research results. In general, Products are updated or redesigned whenever a market threat or opportunity is perc eived, prices are set at levels to achieve market share targets and will be cut if necessary, effective marketing systems are set up in all markets where serious competition is intended – regardless – of short term cost and finally plans and objectives look to long term payoff.Q3. To what degree was the US entry strategy thought out in advance? Honda was already the world’s largest motorcycle producer. Honda established a US subsidiary and began its push in the market by offering very small lightweight motorcycles. Honda followed a policy of developing the market region by region beginning with the west coast and moving eastward until it established the largest dealership network in the US.

John Lennon Quote Essay

John Lennon Quote Essay John Lennon Quote Essay Word Count: 250+ According to John Lennon, â€Å" Life is what happens while you are making other plans†. Little do you all know this is true because what goes on while you are sitting there minding your own business? Life does not stop when you stop, life moves on and never stays the same. There may be some people out there who really do think that the world revolves around them, but little do they know its all just a lie. And honestly you never know what you miss because every second that you close the door, a million more open for you to explore. Quite frankly life will never again be the same as we know it because every mille-second, something changes whether it be a person whom you think you have known all your life or a person that you might meet in your mere future. The changes will add up quickly, and no matter how hard you try nothing can ever stay the same. You never know something so dramatic may change in an instant or it could take some time. For instance transfe rring high schools last November was a big leap for me, I can not tell you enough how hard it was to get used to not being around the people I grew up with. Although, now I have friends here that I can count on to have my back yet I wills always have friends from my previous school that will always be there too. I never knew how difficult things were until I was the one making the big sacrifice and leaving all I had ever known behind me. I never would have thought about moving or not graduating with all

Chapter Essays

Chapter Essays Chapter Essay Chapter Essay False 10 True or False: Hashing is a mechanism for accomplishing confidentiality, 11 What is the a cipher that shifts each letter in the English alphabet a fixed number of positions, with Z wrapping back to A? Caesar Cipher 12 Identify a security objective that stops authorization for access to data. Revocation 3 True or False: Revocation is a security objective that binds a message or data to a specific entity and adds value to relationships between businesses. 4 True or False: Authorization is a security objective that binds a message or 15 True or F-else: Timestamp is a security objective that binds a message or 16 True or False: Message authentication is a security objective that binds a message or data to a specific entity and adds value to relationships between businesses. False 17 In which type Of cipher attack does the cryptanalyst have access only to segment of encrypted data, and has no choice as to what that data may be. An example is the cryptogram in some daily newspapers. Ciphered;only attack (COCA) 18 In which type of cipher attack can the cryptanalyst encrypt any information and observe the output, which offers the most flexibility and insight into HTH encryption mechanism. Chosen-plaintext attack 19 What type of cipher replaces bits, characters, or blocks of information w other bits, characters, or blocks? Substitution ciphers 20 Every cipher and any plaintext you want to encrypt needs a . Key 21 True or False: An objective of cryptanalysis is, in general, to derive the plaintext of a target message. True 2 True or False: An objective of cryptanalysis is, in general, to determine TFH- key used to encrypt a target message. True 23 True or False: An objective of cryptanalysis is, in general, to derive the algorithm used by a particular cipher. True 24 True or False: An objective of cryptanalysis is, in general, to determine try types of attacks that could be launched against the message. False 25 True Or False: A method for maintaining the security Of a substitution cipher is to make sure the key is a random sequence without repetition. Trim 26 True or False: A method for maintaining the security of a substitution piper is to make sure the key is as long as the encrypted information. True 27 True or False: A method for maintaining the security of a substitution cipher is to make sure the key is shorter than the encrypted information. 28 True or False: A method for maintaining the security of a substitution cipher is to use the key only once. True 29 What is an advantage of asymmetric key ciphers versus symmetric key ciphers? 30 What is a common asymmetric algorithm?

Effects of E-Business on Management in the Global Markets Essay

Effects of E-Business on Management in the Global Markets - Essay Example It uses tools that include online banking solutions, supply chain management software, electronic mail, websites, and web-based customer relationship management. In addition to the outlined e-business foundation, this paper will give a spectrum of the potential performance of electronic business, rang of applications of e-business, as well as innovations and implementations. Evolution of E-business on Management Evolution of globalization and competition brought about new opportunities coupled with challenges. Firms strived to discover valuable and effectual models and applications of electronic business to contribute to their growth, sustainability, innovation, and implementation. Agreeably, this is an imperative moment for successful inclusion of electronic business into global management society. The explosive growth of internet and its functions has led to creation of a network that connects people and businesses globally. It is not possible to ignore the growing importance of el ectronic business in this light of the prevailing dynamism of technological surroundings. Introduction of electronic commerce revolutionized markets as people can purchase goods and services online (Shaw, 2003). Corporate companies that engage in millions of transactions per annum can now interchange data. Today, electronic business has expanded to include other processes of business transactions that require electronic enhancements. Introduction of these entire internet related activities are posing serious challenges on global management. However, before looking at the opportunities electronic business poses on management globally, it is worth putting down its relevance into writing. Managers categorize electronic business as a major trend in stipulations of investment and awareness. Generally, this does not stand for a mega trend or gig trend. Overly, evaluation of relevance of electronic business depends on indicators like performance potential. In this phase, the relevance of e -business determines the benefits of its efficiency whereby this involves shifting from the existing business or traditional channels to internet. The success of electronic business initiative of a company relies heavily on the readiness of suppliers and buyers to engage in electronic interactions. This means that, every component of electronic business must align with enabling technology and strategic initiatives. Importance of E-business in the Global Markets and Its Effects on Management The key managerial system of a business trading globally is participation. Nowadays being an industry manager means being the determinant of tomorrow’s success. Therefore, in order to keep a competitive advantage and achieve the determined industrial success, managers of established companies must take on the challenges that come along with applications of electronic business. Electronic business acts as a leveraging importance of using information technology to its limits and changes the employees and administration’s way of thinking and working to a completely different level. Electronic business tools influence the initiatives taken by managers on a global scenario. Certainly, e-business application tools like intranet, internet, and extranet affect each initiative in the global market (Shaw, 2003). Management integrates these application tools into their overall global initiative to achieve rapid technological strategies that

Textiles - Silk Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Textiles - Silk - Research Paper Example Ancient Chinese first developed silk fabric, with the earliest examples dating back to 3500 BC. Legend gives credit to a Chinese empress, Hsi-Ling-Shih, Lei-Tzu for discovering silk. Legend has it that she was in her garden sipping tea when a cocoon fell into the cup and since the tea was hot; the long silk strand was loosened. Apparently, she later raised silkworms and made a loom which she used to make silk fabrics. Originally, silks were reserved for the Chinese Kings for their use and presents to others. They later spread gradually in the Chinese culture and traded socially and geographically in Asia. It became a luxury fabric in the areas with access to Chinese merchants due to its lusture and texture. The demand for silk skyrocketed and became a staple of international trade (Philippa, 1993). There is evidence of the trade in silk from silk found in the hair of a 21st dynasty mummy, c.1070 BC in Egypt. This trade reached as far as the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, North Africa, and Europe. The trade was very extensive such that the main trade route between Asia and Europe came to be named the Silk Road. The Chinese emperors tried to keep sericulture knowledge so as to maintain a monopoly. Nonetheless, it reached Korea by 200 BC, ancient Khotan in around 100 AD, and India around AD 140. However, Chinese silk was the most sought-after and lucrative luxury item. It traded across the Asian and European continents with many civilizations like the ancient Persians economically benefiting from the trade. Today, the major producers of silk are India (14%) and China (54%). Japan is the leading consumer of Silk (Sara, 2007). Silk moths lay their eggs which later hatch to caterpillars (silkworms). The caterpillars are fed with fresh mulberry leaves. Thirty five days later, they are 10,000 times heavier compared to when hatched. A straw frame is put over the tray with caterpillars. Each caterpillar spins a cocoon when it moves its head in a certain pattern. L iquid silk is produced by two glands which force it through the head openings called spinnerets. It is coated with sericin, a protective water-soluble gum which solidifies on contact with air. Between 2–3 days, a caterpillar can spin about a mile of filament, encasing itself in a complete cocoon. Sadly, silk farmers kill most of the caterpillars by heat. Only a few are left to metamorphose into moths which breed a new generation of caterpillars. The cocoons are harvested and soaked into boiling water for the sericin which holds the silk fibers in a cocoon to soften. The fibers are unwound to make a continuous thread. Between three to ten threads are spun together forming a single silk thread (Sara, 2007). Sericulture refers to the raw production of silk through raising silkworms. Silkworm production relies on various environmental elements which affect silk production feasibility in many parts of the world. Since the harvesting process kills the larvae, animal rights and welf are activists have criticized the sericulture process. This led to Mohandas Gandhi promoting cotton spinning machines. In addition, he promoted Ahimsa silk (wild silk) made from the cocoons of semi-wild and wild silk moths. It is promoted in Southern India catering for people who do not prefer silk produced through killing of silkworms. The PETA organization has also campaigned against silk (Sara, 2007). Silk from silkworms is composed of two major proteins, fibroin and sericin.